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Reportfor the Years 2002-2003

N T S

Lehrstuhl für Nachrichtentechnische Systeme

Department of Communication SystemsProf. Dr.-Ing. A. Czylwik

Universität Duisburg-Essen

Fakultät für IngenieurwissenschaftenLehrstuhl für Nachrichtentechnische Systeme

N T S

Faculty for Engineering SciencesDepartment of Communication Systems

Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Czylwik

Bismarckstr. 8147048 Duisburg

Tel: +49 (0)203 / 379 - 3364/3Fax: +49 (0)203 / 379 - 2902

email: [email protected]: http://nts.uni-duisburg.de

CONTENTS I

Contents

1 Preface 1

2 Team 3

3 Lectures, seminars and labs 5

3.1 Lectures for German students (compulsory) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3.2 Lectures for German students (selectable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3.3 Experimental training for German students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.4 Lectures for AOS, ISE Bachelor and Masters studies (compulsory) . . . . . . . 9

3.5 Lectures for AOS, ISE Bachelor and Masters studies (selectable) . . . . . . . . 11

3.6 Experimental training for AOS, Bachelors and Masters courses . . . . . . . . . 11

4 Research 12

4.1 Smart antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4.2 Signal detection and signal processing in technical security systems . . . . . . 27

4.3 Other subjects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

4.4 Co-operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

4.4.1 Co-operations with industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

4.4.2 Co-operations with universities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

4.4.3 Memberships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

5 Awards 47

6 List of publications 48

6.1 Books and chapters in books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

6.2 Journal papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

6.3 Conference papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

6.4 Oral presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

7 Distinguished lectures, internal colloquium, workshops 57

7.1 Distinguished lecture series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

7.2 Internal colloquium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

7.3 Invited talks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

7.4 Talks invited for “Elektrotechnisches Kolloquium”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

7.5 Participation of the department in conference organizing activities and workshops. 64

8 Diploma theses 68

9 Student reports 72

10 Visitors 74

11 Special events 75

12 Curricula vitae of the members of our team 79

13 Acknowledgements 96

1

1 Preface

Dear friends of our department!

This report will give you an overview about major events and accomplishments of our depart-ment during the last two years. Besides the very successful activities in the field of signaldetection and signal processing in technical security systems, we established several new re-search activities in the field of mobile communications. Systems with smart antennas are in thefocus of these activities. Our fields of interest cover a large bandwidth - ranging from capacityconsiderations of cellular mobile radio systems over beamforming and MIMO algorithms downto hardware implementation of MIMO transmission systems. The major goal of all activitiesis to increase the capacity and reliability of mobile communication systems. Here, capacity ismeasured as the total data rate per base station in a cellular system.

In March 2002 we integrated the Wolfgang Paul awardee Prof. Dr. Alex B. Gershman with hisresearch group. The funding which he receives is the highest presented by Germany to a foreignscientist. With this funding he was able to build up a large research group working in the fieldof smart antennas. In order to co-operate intensively, we founded the Smart Antenna ResearchTeam (SmART) which integrates all our smart antenna research activities. The Wolfgang PaulAward allowed us to invite world-renowned scientists to give presentations in a DistinguishedLecturer Series (see section 7.1 of this report).

The year 2003 was the year of project applications, especially because of the sixth frameworkprogram of the European Commission. One of the new tools for funding research activitiesare the so-called Networks of Excellence. We initiated the proposal NESAT (Network of Ex-cellence on Smart Antenna Technologies) and Dr. Kaiser spent a huge amount of time toco-ordinate the network. At the end we gathered 55 excellent partners from all over Europeand presented a very well elaborated proposal to the European Commission. But the proposalwas rejected. Reasons are still unclear and might be due to the fact that some rules for the ap-plication of the new funding tool have not been clearly defined by the European Commission.Their interpretation of some rules changed during the game!

We have been involved in a second network of excellence NOESIS which was based on mem-bers of the COST 273 action. Although the reviewers rated it as the second best proposal, itwas also rejected because from the European Commission’s point of view there was too muchoverlap with NEWCOM, the network which received the highest score.

I believe that the European Commission did not do a good job to reject many very good pro-posals - in a next call, institutions will not spend so much effort in proposals when the chanceto be accepted is so low. Looking back to these and other disappointments in the field of projectapplications, we can state as an outlook for the year 2004: Things can only become better!

On the other hand we continued our successful project activities in the field of signal detectionand signal processing in technical security systems. Several interesting projects which aremainly funded from industry are running currently. So we started for instance a collaborationwith Airbus Industries: False alarms from smoke detectors in cargo bays cause high costs forairlines. Therefore, Airbus Industries is interested in an additional video-based fire detectionsystem. Such systems have been tested in our fire detection laboratory.

2 1 PREFACE

There are a lot of other ongoing projects in the field of technical security systems. Most of theseactivities focus on multi-sensor applications. The multi-sensor approach is the clear commonbasis of our research in the fields of smart antennas and technical security systems, which -at a first glance - seem to be far away from each other. Of course, this preface cannot give acomplete overview about all our research activities - for more information see section 4 of thisreport.

A very important quantity to measure the success of research activities is of course the numberof publications. In this respect, we have been very successful during the last two years: In totalwe published 87 papers. Concerning our teaching activities we started several new lectures,seminars and exercises. Besides new subjects we are offering our students additional exercisesduring semester breaks in order to support our students preparing for the examinations.

Finally, I would like to thank all friends and partners for their cooperation and support, andespecially all members and students of the department for their successful work.

Duisburg, March 2004

Andreas Czylwik

3

2 TeamDepartment of Communication Systems

47048 Duisburg, Bismarckstr. 81, Building BA, Phone.:+49-(0)203/379-3364

ProfessorsCzylwik, Andreas Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing.

(Head of department since March 2002)Gershman, Alex B. Prof. Dr.-Ing.Gharavi-Alkhansari, Mohammad Prof. PhD.Laws, Peter apl. Prof. Dr.-Ing.

(Head of department Apr. 2001-Feb. 2002)Luck, Heinz Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing.

(Head of department until March 2001, em. in 1999)Willms, Ingolf Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing.

University LecturersKaiser, Thomas Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing

SecretariatHötger, Petra Reg.-Ang.

Scientific staffAbdel-Samad, Ayman PhD. since 08/2002Berentsen, Martin Dipl.-Ing. since 01/1998Bieder, Stefan Dipl.-Ing. since 02/2002Biguesh, Mehrzad PhD. since 03/2002Buchholz, Christiane Dipl.-Math. since 11/2003Chalise, Batu Krishna Dipl.-Ing. since 03/2002Dhibi, Youssef Dipl.-Ing. since 05/2001Häring, Lars Dipl.-Ing. since 05/2002Kempka, Thorsten Dipl.-Ing. since 09/2000Ligdas, Pascalis PhD. from 11/2002 to 06/2003Linden, Oliver Dr.-Ing. since 09/2001Omoke, David M.Sc. since 06/2003Rexfort, Claudia Dipl.-Ing. since 05/1998Rong, Yue M.Sc. since 11/2002Schultze, Thorsten Dipl.-Ing. since 12/2003Shahbazpanahi, Shahram PhD. since 02/2002Siebel, Rainer Dipl.-Ing. since 02/1973Vorobyov, Sergiy PhD. since 03/2002Wilzeck, Andreas Dipl.-Ing. since 04/2003Xue, Yisheng PhD. since 08/2002Zarifi, Keyvan M.Sc. since 01/2002Zhao, Joyee Dr.-Ing. since 11/2003Zheng, Feng PhD. since 05/2002

4 2 TEAM

Guest scientistsWang, Shu Prof. (PhD) from 12/2002 to 05/2003Wang, Dachuan Dipl.-Ing. since 01/2003

Technical staffBrox, Barbara Techn. Ang.Busch, H. Dietmar Techn. Ang.Krüll, Wolfgang Dipl.-Ing., Techn. Ang.Stoppok, Werner Techn. Ang.

Working studentsAgic, DamirBartscht, PhilippBosenius, StephanCherukuri, YugandaDiehl, JürgenEltaher, AmrFalsewski, BjörnGatti, ElenaHasbi, AlinaJin, JianJiang,Xufeng,Junk, MatthiasJordan, MarkusLi, GuidongMüller, UlrichNguyen, ThangPeng, XiqunSarrafan, BaharakRong, YueSarrafan, BaharakSiatchoua, PatriceTamgue Famdie, CelestinTavangaran, NimaVontivillu, Rajesh KumarYang, GuojunXie, Feng

5

3 Lectures, seminars and labs

3.1 Lectures for German students (compulsory)

Grundlagen der Nachrichtentechnik 1(Communication Engineering 1)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Czylwik)

Introduction, test signals, linear continuous-time systems, Fourier transform, Laplace trans-form, Hilbert transform, sampling theorem, linear discrete-time systems, z transform.

Grundlagen der Nachrichtentechnik 2(Communication Engineering 2)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Czylwik)

Introduction, probability, random variables, functions of a random variable, two random vari-ables, sequences of random variables, stochastic processes, transformation of stochastic pro-cesses by systems, optimum filters, estimation and detection theory.

Grundlagen der Nachrichtentechnik 3(Communication Engineering 3)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Luck WS 2001/02)

Probability theory and stochastic processes: Noise sources, thermal noise, impulsive noise,linear systems with stochastic input processes, matched filter, Wiener filter, sampling ofstochastic processes. Introduction to information theory: Information theoretical measures,information entropy, discrete and continuous information sources, redundancy. Discreteand continuous information channels, equivocation, irrelevance, transinformation, channelcapacity, Gaussian channel.

Grundlagen der Nachrichtentechnik 3(Communication Engineering 3)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Czylwik since SS 2002)

Introduction, analog communication systems, amplitude modulation, angle modulation,equivalent baseband systems, bandpass noise, digital communication systems, modulationschemes, receiver techniques, channels with intersymbol interference, electrical waveguides,optical waveguides, radio channels.

Grundlagen der Nachrichtentechnik 4(Communication Engineering 4)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Czylwik since WS 2002/03)

Introduction, information theory, channel coding in digital communication systems, algebraicfoundations for coding, block codes, convolutional codes, coding techniques, outlook.

6 3 LECTURES, SEMINARS AND LABS

Grundlagen der Nachrichtentechnik 4(Communication Engineering 4)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Luck until SS 2002)

Signal detection: Binary and multiple signal detection, optimization criteria, receiver operat-ing characteristic, signal detection with unknown parameters, non-parametric signal detection.Signal parameter estimation: Optimization criteria, biased and unbiased estimates, Cramer-Rao bound, maximum-likelihood estimation. Signal estimation: signal models, AR-, MA-,ARMA-models, discrete Wiener filters, minimum mean square estimation, forward-/backwardprediction, recursive methods, ladder filter, PARCOR-coefficients, Levinson-Durbin recursion.

Grundgebiete der Informationstechnik 1(Fundamentals of Information Engineering 1)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. I. Willms)

Introduction: Description of main tasks in information engineering and some important recentapplications.Fundamentals of signals- and systems theory: Basic deterministic analog signals and theirvariations, energy and power of signals, Fourier series and Fourier transform, the Laplace trans-form, LTI systems, convolution, impulse response and the transfer function. Active and pas-sive analogue filters: Analysis and design of reactance-networks based on the theory of four-pole networks, properties and design of active filters using operational amplifiers, transform oflow-pass transfer functions, typical circuits.

Grundgebiete der Informationstechnik 2(Fundamentals of Information Engineering 2)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. I. Willms)

Switched-capacitor filters and digital filters: Sampling of signals, design of Switched-Capacitor networks, properties of discrete systems, difference equations and the discretetransfer function, canonical filter structures, properties of FIR and IIR filter types. Neural net-works: Overview on the history of neural network models, properties of the back-propagationneural network, overview of important applications for neural networks.Transmission and modulation: AM- and PM methods for the transmission of analog signals,multiplexing techniques, basic receiver systems, binary transmission using low pass signals,the matched filter concept, PCM coding and decoding

Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik(Electronic Packaging and Interconnects)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. I. Willms, Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Vogt)

Part 1 (Prof. Vogt) : Packaging of Integrated Circuits

Part 2 (Prof. Willms): Card- and board level packaging and the interconnects technologiesfor prototypes, breadboarding and series production of electronic modules, CAD-tools, manu-facturing, assembly and test of printed circuit boards, production technologies incl. SM com-ponents aspects, manufacturing and design of hybrids, ecological aspects, the future of printedcircuit boards

3.2 Lectures for German students (selectable) 7

3.2 Lectures for German students (selectable)

NachrichtensystemeSystemkomponenten und Meßeinrichtungen für nachrichtentechnische Anwendungen(System Components and Applications in Communications)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. I. Willms)Fundamentals, signals and systems in the complex baseband: overview of components,techniques and system parameters for GSM communication, channel coding, block- and con-volution coding, modulation methods.Special aspects of measurement apparatus and of the hardware modules: Analysis andproblems in spectral analysis of band-pass signals, synchronisation using PLL modules.

Simulation von Systemen der Informationstechnik 1,2(Simulation of Systems in Information Engineering)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. I. Willms)Exercises using the Matlab program environment in the areas handled in the lecture ’Fun-damentals of Information engineering’: Convolution and the transfer function, applicationsof pole-zero plots, properties and the design of active filter circuits, digital filter design for FIRand IIR structures.

Netzwerktheorie 1 (Analoge Filter)(Network Theory 1 (Analog Filters) )(Prof. Dr.-Ing. P. Laws)Basics in network analysis and network synthesis.Passive 2-terminal RLC networks: Design methods for LC, RC and RL networks.Active RC two-ports: Modelling operational amplifiers and their equivalent circuits, layoutrules for active RC filters (lowpass, highpass, bandpass, bandstop).

Netzwerktheorie 2 (Digitale Filter)(Network Theory 2 (Digital Filters) )(Prof. Dr.-Ing. P. Laws)Discrete-time signals and linear time-invariant systems: Representaion of time discrete sig-nals in the time and frequency domain, difference equation, impulse response, transfer func-tion, structures. Design of nonrecursive digital filters (FIR filters): Finite impulse responsemethod. Design of recursive digital filters (IIR filters): Impulse invariance method, bilinearz-transform method.

MATLAB in der Nachrichtentechnik - 1(MATLAB for communications - 1)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Czylwik & staff)Tutorial in the computer laboratory of the University comprising an introduction to MATLABand programming of selected applications in communications using MATLAB.


3.3 Experimental training for German students

All of the experimental trainings are related to the corresponding lectures as mentioned in theprevious subsection. Practical experiments and computer simulations are carried out with theaim to illustrate and clarify the mainly theoretical considerations of the corresponding lecturesin practical experiments.

Grundpraktikum Nachrichtentechnik(Experimental Training in Communications -Basic Course)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Czylwik, Prof. Dr.-Ing. P. Laws, Prof. Dr.-Ing. I. Willms)

Informationstechnisches Praktikum(Experimental Training in Communications)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. I. Willms, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. D. Jäger/Fachgebiet Optoelektronik,Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. Solbach/Fachgebiet Hochfrequenztechnik)

Zusatzpraktikum Informationstechnik(Additional Experimental Training in Communications)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. I. Willms, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. D. Jäger/Fachgebiet Optoelektronik,Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. Solbach/Fachgebiet Hochfrequenztechnik)

Praktikum Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik(Experimental training in setup and conection techniques)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. I. Willms, Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Vogt/Fachgebiet Elektronische Bauelementeund Schaltungen)

3.4 Lectures for AOS, ISE Bachelor and Masters studies (compulsory) 9

3.4 Lectures for AOS, ISE Bachelor and Masters studies (compulsory)in Englisch language

Signals and Systems 1(Prof. Dr.-Ing. I. Willms)Signals in the time domain and frequency domain: Basic deterministic analog and discretesignals and their variations, energy and power of signals. Fourier series, Fourier-, Laplace- andz-transform. Low-pass, band pass signals, causal and analytic signals, deterministic correlationfunction. Analogue Systems: Basic system properties, conditions for realizable systems. LTI-systems, impulse and step response, convolution, transfer and system function, differentialequations, stability. Discrete systems: Difference equations, z-transform, discrete transfer-function and properties, system with linear or minimum phase, discrete filter types (canonicalsystem structures).

Communications 1(Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Czylwik)

Introduction, test signals, linear continuous-time systems, Fourier transform, Laplace trans-form, Hilbert transform, sampling theorem, linear discrete-time systems, z transform.

Information Engineering 1(Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Luck in WS 2002/2003)

Sampling of signals: Signal sampling in the time- and frequency domain, ideal sampler, sam-ple & hold, linear gate. Probability theory and stochastic processes: Noise sources, thermalnoise, impulsive noise, linear systems with stochastic input processes, matched filter, Wienerfilter, sampling of stochastic processes.

Communications 2 / Information Engineering 1(Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Czylwik since SS 2003)

Introduction, probability, random variables, functions of a random variable, two random vari-ables, sequences of random variables, stochastic processes, transformation of stochastic pro-cesses by systems, optimum filters, estimation and detection theory.

Communications 3(Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Czylwik)

Introduction, analog communication systems, amplitude modulation, angle modulation,equivalent baseband systems, bandpass noise, digital communication systems, modulationschemes, receiver techniques, channels with intersymbol interference, synchronisation,transmission channels, electrical waveguides, optical waveguides, radio channels.

Coding Theory / Information Engineering 2(Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Czylwik)

Introduction, information theory, channel coding in digital communication systems, algebraicfoundations for coding, block codes, convolutional codes, coding techniques, outlook.


Network Theory 1 (Analog Filters)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. P. Laws)

Basics in network analysis and network synthesis. Passive 2-terminal RLC networks:Design methods for LC, RC and RL networks. Active RC two-ports: Modelling operationalamplifiers and their equivalent circuits, layout rules for active RC filters (low pass, high pass,band pass, band stop).

Network Theory 2 (Digital Filters)(Prof. Dr.-Ing. P. Laws)

Discrete-time signals and linear time-invariant systems: Representation of time discretesignals in the time and frequency domain, difference equation, impulse response, transfer func-tion, structures. Design of nonrecursive digital filters (FIR filters): Finite impulse responsemethod. Design of recursive digital filters (IIR filters): Impulse invariance method, bilinearz-transform method.

Transmission and Modulation of Signals 1(Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. T. Kaiser)

Channel characteristics: Additive Noise Channels, nonlinear and frequency-shift distortions,network aspects.A basic signal transmission model: Frequency division multiplex, time division multiplex,code division multiplex, correlation receiver.Analg signal transmission: Amplitude modulation (AM), double-sideband AM with andwithout carrier, single-sideband AM, vestigial-sideband AM, phase modulation, frequencymodulation.

Transmission and Modulation of Signals 2(Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. T. Kaiser)

Fundamentals of discrete signal transmission: A short review on information theory, en-tropy, channel capacity, narrowband signals and bandpass systems, short review on detectiontheory, sufficient statistic, error probability, detection of signals in Gaussian noise, matchedfilter, optimum detector.Digital modulation: The channel model, amplitude shift keying (ASK), phase shift keying(PSK), quadrature AM (QAM), frequency shift keying (FSK), continuous phase FSK, mini-mum shift keying (MSK), Gaussian MSK, continuous phase modulation.Intersymbol interference: First Nyquist criterion, second Nyquist criterion, Viterbi algorithm.Some special topics in digital transmission: Channel estimation and equalisation, synchroni-sation.

3.5 Lectures for AOS, ISE Bachelor and Masters studies (selectable) 11

3.5 Lectures for AOS, ISE Bachelor and Masters studies (selectable)in Englisch language

Information Theory; engineering approach(Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Luck in SS 2003)

Information theoretical measures, information entropy, discrete and continuous informationsources, redundancy. Discrete and continuous information channels, equivocation, irrelevance,mutual information, channel capacity, Gaussian channel.

Ultra Wideband Communication Systems(Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. T. Kaiser)

Modulation (PPM, PAM, DSSS, OFDM), pulse shaping, channel modeling, channel estima-tion, synchronization, RAKE (digital) receiver, multi-user interference, receiver structures,multi antenna techniques, ranging and positioning.

Seminar on Information Engineering 1(Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Czylwik; Dipl.-Ing. R. Siebel)

Repetition of the most important topics on probability theory and statistical signal theory withbasic examples and the presentation and solution of simple problems.

MATLAB for Communications - 1(Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Czylwik & staff)

Tutorial in the computer laboratory of the University comprising an introduction to MATLABand programming of selected applications in communications using MATLAB.

3.6 Experimental training for AOS, Bachelors and Masters coursesin English language

All of the experimental training is related to the corresponding lectures as mentioned in theprevious subsection. Practical experiments and computer-simulations are carried out with theaim to illustrate and clarify the mainly theoretical considerations of the corresponding lecturesin practical experiments.

Experimental training:“Transmission and Modulation of Signals 1”(Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. T. Kaiser)

Seminar with experiments: “Information Engineering 2”(Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Czylwik)

12 4 RESEARCH

4 Research

The research activities of our department can be subdivided into two major areas:

� Mobile communication systems with a focus on smart antennas and

� Signal detection and signal processing in technical security systems.

In the field of smart antennas our focus lies in the area of physical layer aspects. For instance,we are developing beamforming, MIMO, space-time coding, and synchronization algorithms.In order to prove the practical use of the algorithms, we are currently creating a hardware plat-form which allows us to demonstrate the algorithms in real-time. But the performance of asystem is not only determined by the physical layer. In fact, higher layer protocol aspects playan important role. Therefore, as a first step we are also considering multiple access protocolaspects as well as radio resource management issues. For example, we are simulating beam-forming algorithms in cellular UMTS systems with a dynamic system level simulator whichtakes into account aspects like mobility, traffic, services and soft-handover.

In the field of signal detection and signal processing in technical security systems we are alsocovering a large bandwidth of subjects. As a result of the long history of our department in thefield of technical security systems we have extensive theoretical as well as practical experienceespecially in the field of fire detection. Therefore, we are a scientific partner for almost allquestions in the field of automatic fire detection. We not only develop new fire detection andtest methods but also carry out problem-specific as well as standardized tests of fire detectors.

In the following the reader will find a detailed overview about our research projects.

4.1 Smart antennas

The Smart Antenna Research Team (SmART) has been founded in April 2002 and currentlyconsists of 15 senior researchers and 7 PhD students working on the three main research pillars:

� Smart Antennas for Cellular Networks,

� Robust Space-Time Signal Processing,

� Multiple Antennas for (Ultra)-Broadband Indoor Applications.

SmART is equipped with a dynamic system level software demonstrator to investigate the useof smart antennas in cellular networks, e.g. for UMTS or even for mobile systems beyond thirdgeneration systems.

SmART members

� are associated editors for international journals (Andreas Czylwik, IEEE Transactionson Wireless Communications; Alex Gershman, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processingand EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking),

4.1 Smart antennas 13

� are guest editors for special issues in international journals (Andreas Czylwik, Alex Ger-shman, Thomas Kaiser, "Advances in Smart Antennas"; Thomas Kaiser "UWB-State-of-the-Art"),

� co-ordinate forums about smart antennas (Thomas Kaiser, "When get smart antennasready for the market", IEEE Signal Processing Magazine),

� are publishing numerous papers for international conferences and journals (all SmAR-Ties),

� received prestigious awards (Alex Gershman, Wolfgang Paul Awardee),

� co-ordinate a proposal for a European Network of Excellence (Thomas Kaiser,co-ordinator of the Network of Excellence for Smart Antenna Technologies proposal -NESAT).

1. Blind PARAFAC techniques for wireless communications

Project Leader: Prof. Alex B. GershmanResearchers: Dr. Sergiy A. Vorobyov and Yue Rong, M.Sc.

(in co-operation with Prof. Nikos Sidiropoulos)Research funding: Wolfgang Paul Award

Parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis is an extension of low-rank matrix decomposition tohigher-way arrays. It decomposes a given array in a sum of multilinear terms. PARAFACanalysis generalizes and unifies common array processing models, like joint diagonaliza-tion and ESPRIT; it has found numerous applications from blind multiuser detection andmulti-dimensional harmonic retrieval, to clustering and nuclear magnetic resonance.

In the first part of this project, the problem of blind spatial signature estimation usingthe PARAFAC analysis model is addressed in application to wireless communications.This problem is important for the future generation of cellular communication systemsbecause in the uplink communication mode, signals from different users can be separatedat the base station antenna array based on the knowledge of their spatial signatures. Inparticular, known spatial signatures can be used for beamforming to separate each user-of-interest from the other (interfering) users. We develop second-order statistics-basedspatial signature estimators and study PARAFAC model identifiability issues.

In the second part of this project, we study and design blind PARAFAC techniques ro-bust against non-Gaussian (impulsive) noise in application to blind CDMA multiuserreceivers. We are developing iterative algorithms for least absolute error fitting of gen-eral multilinear models and study their performance when applied to practical wirelesscommunication systems.

14 4 RESEARCH

2. Robust downlink beamforming and power control

Project Leader: Prof. Alex B. GershmanResearchers: Dr. Mehrzad Biguesh and Dr. Shahram ShahbazpanahiResearch funding: Wolfgang Paul Award

A serious shortcoming of current centralized downlink power control methods is thattheir performance may degrade severely when the downlink channel state information(CSI) is known imprecisely at the transmitter. In the current project, new downlink powercontrol methods are proposed for cellular wireless communication systems with an im-proved robustness against imperfect CSI at the transmitter. These power control methodscan be applied in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Space Division MultipleAccess (SDMA) cellular communication systems. They provide a substantially improvedrobustness against imperfect knowledge of the wireless channel by means of maintainingthe required quality of service for the worst-case channel uncertainty. These robustnessimprovements are achieved at the price of only a slight increase of the total transmittedpower. The proposed techniques can be straightforwardly used in conjunction with anyof existing transmit beamforming methods.

3. Downlink MIMO channel estimationProject Leader: Prof. Alex B. GershmanResearchers: Dr. Mehrzad BigueshResearch funding: Wolfgang Paul Award

The performance of space-time decoders in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)communication systems substantially depends on the accuracy of channel estimation atthe receiver and/or transmitter.

In this project, we study the performance of MIMO channel estimation using trainingsequences. The least squares (LS), minimum-mean-square error (MMSE), a new scaledLS (SLS), and a proposed Reduced MSE (RMSE) approaches to the channel estimationare studied and the optimal choice of training signals is investigated for each of thesetechniques. In the case of multiple LS channel estimates, the best linear unbiased esti-mation (BLUE) scheme for improvement of the channel estimation using the previouschannel estimations is developed and studied.

4. MIMO systems and othogonal space-time coding

Project Leader: Prof. Alex B. GershmanResearchers: Dr. Mohammad Gharavi-Alkhansari, Dr. Shahram Shahbazpanahi

Dr. Yisheng XueResearch funding: Wolfgang Paul Award

Exploiting spatial diversity at the transmitter and receiver in multiple input multiple out-put (MIMO) wireless systems has been proven to be a powerful means to combat fadingand achieve high system capacity. Space-time coding has recently emerged as an efficientapproach to exploit such a spatial diversity. In particular, Alamouti code [1998, IEEE J.Sel. Areas in Commun.] and the more general orthogonal space-time block codes (OS-TBCs) [Jul. 1999, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory] have attracted significant attention


because they provide full diversity order and can be decoded with a low complexity. Inthis project, we consider different aspects of MIMO systems, with emphasis on Alamouticode and OSTBCs.

In MIMO systems, increasing the number of transmit and receive antennas enables toimprove system performance at the price of higher hardware costs and computationalburden. For systems with a large number of antennas, there is a strong motivation todevelop techniques which reduce this hardware and computational costs. An efficientapproach to achieve this goal is the optimal antenna subset selection. In this work, wepropose a fast antenna selection algorithm for wireless MIMO systems. Our algorithmachieves almost the same outage capacity as the optimal selection technique while hav-ing lower computational complexity than the existing nearly optimal antenna selectionmethods. The optimality of the proposed technique is established in several importantspecific cases. A QR decomposition-based interpretation of our algorithm is providedthat sheds a new light on the optimal antenna selection problem.

We prove an interesting property of OSTBCs. For flat block-fading channels, we showthat the internal structure of the vector space of the input constellation remains invariantto the effects of both the OSTBC and the channel, except for a scaling factor.

Using the constellation space invariance property of OSTBC, we obtain simple exact ex-pressions for the error probability of the maximum likelihood (ML) decoder in the gen-eral case when the channel, OSTBC, and input signal constellations are arbitrary. Suchexpressions are obtained both in the cases when the channel realization is deterministic(fixed) and random. In the latter case, simple expressions are derived for the averageerror probability.

We evaluate the performance of OSTBCs with nonuniform M-PSK constellations formultimedia multicast transmission in MIMO mobile wireless networks. Using the con-stellation invariance property of OSTBCs, exact expressions are derived for the errorprobability of these systems with nonuniform 4-PSK and 8-PSK constellations. The per-formance of the proposed system is evaluated using simulations and numerical evaluationof the error probability expressions.

The established constellation space invariance property also sheds a new light on themechanism of ML decoding of OSTBCs and, in particular, provides a simple explanationof why the optimal decoding can be reduced to the symbol-by-symbol decoding. Newsimple expressions for the ML decoder are obtained which clarify its intrinsic structure.

The discovered constellation space invariance property is also applied to the problem ofantenna subset selection for MIMO systems that exploit OSTBCs. We study the popu-lar norm-based antenna subset selection method which has been known to minimize anupper bound on the pairwise probability of error at the output of the ML decoder and es-tablish strict optimality of this approach, i.e., prove that it minimizes the exact probabilityof error as well.

The systematically designed half-rate OSTBCs, designed by Tarokh et al. [Jul. 1999,IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory], make a particularly important class of OSTBCs becausethey can be systematically constructed for an arbitrary number of transmit antennas. In

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this work, we propose a new formulation of the ML decoder for general OSTBCs, anduse the specific structure of the above half-rate OSTBCs to reduce the number of com-putations for their ML decoder.

When the product of the number of transmitters and the receivers is much larger thanthe constellation size, this method reduces the number of computations by a factor oftwo. This reduction of the number of computations is achieved while maintaining theoptimality of the decoder.

The problem of designing general optimal space-time constellations for MIMO systemswith quasi-static Rayleigh flat fading channel and coherent ML decoder is a fundamentalunresolved problem. Tarokh et al. [1998, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory] proposed the fa-mous rank and determinant criteria as guidelines for designing such codes. In this work,we first revisit these criteria and show their limitations. In particular, we investigate howthese criteria characterize the role of the rank of the code difference in the error proba-bility of the ML decoder and show the shortcomings of this characterization. Using ourabove study, we then tackle the problem of finding the optimal space-time constellations.For constellation sizes of up to a certain number, we obtain the optimal constellationsin the sense of minimizing the union bound of the error probability under the averageenergy constraint. We show that or these constellation sizes, OSTBCs are optimal, andwhen the number of receivers is large, the optimal constellations are regular simplex.

We obtain an interesting interpretation of the Chernoff bound of the pairwise error prob-ability of space-time codes and show that this error probability is 2 to the power of minusthe capacity of a certain dual channel. This result shows that the best space-time code isthe one whose constellation differences have the largest capacity for conveying informa-tion about the channel matrix to the receiver, when this difference is transmitted by thetransmitter and is known by the receiver.

We analyze the performance improvement that can be obtained from a 1-bit channel statefeedback in an Alamouti-type link. We use an exact average symbol error rate analy-sis to compare the performance of the standard Alamouti code, the method of transmitantenna selection, the Alamouti code with diagonally weighting, and the Alamouti codewith 1-bit power control. This is done both when the feedback is perfect and when thefeedback is erroneous or outdated. Our studies show that significant benefit can be ob-tained by properly exploiting the 1-bit channel state feedback if the feedback is perfector nearly perfect. However, when the feedback is unreliable, the performance of thesignaling methods designed with perfect feedback assumption will seriously deteriorateand can be even worse than that of the standard Alamouti system. To remedy this prob-lem, we propose robust modifications which can guarantee performance improvement byincorporating some a priori knowledge of the feedback reliability into the design. Theobtained theoretic results are well-supported by computer simulations.


5. Multi-user MIMO receivers

Project Leader: Prof. Alex B. GershmanResearchers: Dr. Shahram Shahbazpanahi, Dr. Mohammad Gharavi-Alkhansari,

Yue Rong, M.Sc. and Dr. Sergiy A. VorobyovResearch funding: Wolfgang Paul Award

In this project, we consider the problem of joint space-time decoding and multi-accessinterference (MAI) rejection in multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wire-less communication systems. We address the case when both the receiver and the mul-tiple transmitters are equipped with multiple antennas and when orthogonal space-timeblock codes are used to send the data simultaneously from each transmitter to the re-ceiver. New linear receiver structures are developed to decode the data sent from thetransmitter of interest while rejecting MAI, self-interference and noise. The proposedreceivers are designed by minimizing the output power subject to constraints which zero-force self-interference and/or preserve a unity gain for all symbols of the transmitter ofinterest. Simulation results show that in multi-access scenarios, the proposed techniqueshave substantially lower symbol error rates as compared to the matched filter receiverwhich is equivalent to the maximum likelihood space-time decoder in the point-to-pointMIMO communication case.

We also study the robustness of such linear receivers against imperfect knowledge of thechannel state information (CSI). The aforementioned space-time decoders developed forrejecting MAI, self-interference and noise in multi-access MIMO wireless communica-tion systems are based on the assumption that the CSI is precisely known at the receiver.However, in real environments the exact CSI is never available, either because of the er-rors in the channel estimation process or because of the outdated CSI estimate. In fact,the performance of the linear receivers is very sensitive to even a slight mismatch be-tween the presumed and the true channel matrices. Based on worst-case performanceoptimization, we have developed numerically efficient algorithms which outperform thenon-robust receivers in the presence of some mismatch between the presumed and thetrue channel matrices.

To design robust linear receivers for space-time decoding, we model the mismatch in theCSI in two different ways. In the first approach, we assume that the CSI mismatch matrixis deterministic but norm-bounded within a sphere or ellipsoid. Based on this assumption,we use the idea of worst-case performance optimization to design linear receivers whichare optimal for the worst-case CSI mismatch matrix in the uncertainty set.

In the second approach, we model the CSI mismatch matrix as a Gaussian matrix. Sucha model is justified by the fact that in the case where optimal orthogonal training signalsare used, the CSI mismatch matrix is Gaussian. Based on this model, we use the chanceconstraint approach to design robust linear receivers such that their quality of serviceconstraint is guaranteed with a certain probability.

For either of these approaches, we develop numerically efficient algorithms. Simula-tion results show significant performance improvements for our robust linear receiverscompared to the conventional receivers.

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6. Robust adaptive beamforming

Project Leader: Prof. Alex B. GershmanResearchers: Dr. Shahram Shahbazpanahi and Dr. Sergiy A. VorobyovResearch funding: Wolfgang Paul Award

The performance of adaptive beamforming methods is known to degrade severely in thepresence of even small mismatches between the actual and presumed array responses tothe desired signal. Such mismatches may frequently occur in practical situations becauseof violation of underlying assumptions on the environment, sources, or sensor array. Thisis especially true when the desired signal components are present in the training snap-shots, because in this case the adaptive array performance is very sensitive to array andmodel imperfections. The similar phenomenon of performance degradation can occureven when the array response to the desired signal is known exactly but the trainingsample size is small.

We have developed several robust beamformers which can be used in different scenarios.

In our first approach, we considered a rank-one representation for the desired signalwhere the array response to the desired source is given by the array steering vector.Based on this model, we have developed an adaptive beamformer which is robust againstan arbitrary unknown signal steering vector mismatch. Our approach is based on theoptimization of worst-case performance. It turns out that our approach leads to the so-called second-order cone (SOC) program which can be solved efficiently (in polynomialtime) using the well-established interior point method. It is also shown that the proposedtechnique can be interpreted in terms of diagonal loading where the optimal value of thediagonal loading factor is computed based on the known level of uncertainty of the sig-nal steering vector. Computer simulations with several frequently encountered types ofsignal steering vector mismatches show better performance of our robust beamformer ascompared with existing adaptive beamforming algorithms.

In our second approach, we have considered a more generalized case where the desiredsignal is modeled using the array output covariance matrix for that signal rather thanthe array steering vector. Based on this, we propose a new powerful approach to robustadaptive beamforming in the presence of unknown arbitrary-type mismatches of the de-sired signal covariance matrix. Our approach is developed for the most general case ofan arbitrary dimension of the desired signal subspace, that is, the new approach is ap-plicable both to rank-one (point source) and to higher-rank (scattered source/fluctuatingwavefront) desired signal models. The proposed robust adaptive beamformers are basedon explicit modeling of uncertainties in the desired signal covariance matrix at the arrayoutput and data covariance matrix as well as worst-case performance optimization. Sim-ple closed-form solutions to the considered robust adaptive beamforming problems arederived. Our new robust beamformers have a computational complexity comparable tothat of the traditional adaptive beamforming algorithms, while, at the same time, offer asignificantly improved robustness and faster convergence rates.

In our third approach to robust adaptive beamforming, we consider a scenario whichis more realistic than the scenarios considered in our previous approaches. In fact, we


assume that not only the presumed array steering vector is erroneous but also that theinterfering sources are moving. Based on such an assumption, we develop a new adap-tive beamformer which is jointly-robust against these two phenomena. This beamformeris also based on the optimization of the worst-case performance. Computer simulationsdemonstrate that our beamformer has an improved robustness as compared to other pop-ular conventional robust beamforming algorithms.

7. Robust multiuser detectionProject Leader: Prof. Alex B. Gershman and Dr. Shahram ShahbazpanahiResearchers: Keyvan Zarifi, M.Sc.Research funding: Wolfgang Paul Award

The conventional minimum mean-square error (MMSE) multiuser receiver requires thateach particular user transmits a sequence of training symbols which is known to thereceiver and the receiver estimates the user signatures using this knowledge. However,in the presence of multi-access interference (MAI) during the training period and/or inscenarios with short training sequence length, the signature estimates can be erroneousand the performance of the MMSE multiuser receiver can degrade severely.

In this project, we propose a new blind multiuser receiver which is robust against the ef-fects of erroneously presumed desired user signature and short data length. Our approachis based on the explicit modeling of possible mismatches in the mean-square error costfunction and worst-case performance optimization. We show that this approach leads to amultiuser receiver which uses the data covariance matrix with an adaptive diagonal load-ing. The proposed method has simple implementation with a computational complexitycomparable to that of the fixed diagonal loading-based multiuser receiver. Simulationresults show performance improvements achieved by our approach relative to existingtechniques.

The conventional minimum output energy (MOE) multiuser receiver has originally beenproposed based on the assumption that the signal of the desired user is modeled throughits temporal signature. However, in the presence of random channel variations, such arank-one modeling may be far from reality, because in this case the desired signal be-longs to a subspace with a rank higher than one. Moreover, the performance of blindMOE receiver methods is known to degrade severely in the presence of even small mis-matches between the actual and the presumed desired user signatures. Such mismatchesmay occur in practical situations due to an imperfect knowledge of the channel impulseresponse.

To overcome these two drawbacks of conventional MOE receiver, we first generalize theMOE receiver such that it can be used for scenarios with random channel. The general-ized MOE receiver uses the covariance matrix of the desired user signal rather than thesignature itself. We then propose a new robust approach to blind multiuser detection inthe presence of unknown arbitrary-type mismatches of the covariance matrix of desireduser signature. The proposed formulations are based on the explicit modeling of un-certainties in the covariance matrix of the desired user signature and/or data covariancematrix and optimization of the worst-case performance. Simple closed-form solutions to

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the considered robust multiuser detection problems are derived. The proposed methodshave a computational complexity comparable to that of the traditional blind multiuserdetection algorithms, and, at the same time, offer an improved robustness and faster con-vergence rates.

8. Direction finding in sensor arrays

Project Leader: Prof. Alex B. GershmanResearchers: Dr. Shahram Shahbazpanahi and Dr. Sergiy VorobyovResearch funding: Wolfgang Paul Award

The performance of high-resolution direction finding techniques in array signal process-ing is very sensitive to the underlying assumptions about signal sources, array response,and noise characteristics. In this research activity, we revise the data model at the arrayoutput and develop new direction finding techniques based on the new models that weconsider.

In the first model, we consider the so-called distributed source modeling. Two new al-gorithms for parametric localization of multiple incoherently distributed sources are thendeveloped. One of these algorithms is based on an approximation of the array covari-ance matrix using central and non-central moments of the source angular power densi-ties. Based on this approximation, a new computationally simple covariance fitting-basedtechnique is proposed to estimate these moments. Then, the source parameters are ob-tained from the moment estimates. Compared to earlier algorithms, our technique haslower computational cost and obtains the parameter estimates in a closed form. Also, itcan be applied to scenarios with multiple sources that may have different angular powerdensities while other known methods are not applicable to such scenarios. As our secondapproach to spread source localization, we have generalized the well-known Capon DOAestimator for this kind of source modeling. This method has also a better performancecompared to the traditional spread source localizers.

In our second model, we consider the problem of DOA estimation in the presence of spa-tially correlated noise with unknown covariance matrix. More specifically, we addressthe problem of maximum likelihood (ML) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in un-known spatially correlated noise fields using sparse sensor arrays composed of multiplewidely separated subarrays. In such arrays, intersubarray spacings are substantially largerthan the signal wavelength and, therefore, sensor noises can be assumed to be uncorre-lated between different subarrays. This leads to the block-diagonal structure of the noisecovariance matrix. This matrix structure enables us to substantially reduce the numberof nuisance noise parameters and ensures the identifiability of the underlying DOA es-timation problem. A new deterministic ML DOA estimator is derived for this class ofsparse sensor arrays. The proposed approach concentrates the ML estimation problemwith respect to all nuisance parameters. In contrast to the analytic concentration used inthe conventional ML techniques, the implementation of the proposed estimator is basedon an iterative procedure, which includes a stepwise concentration of the log-likelihood(LL) function.


In our third model, we consider the problem of direction-of-arrival estimation in subarraybased partly-calibrated arrays. New advanced Rank Reduction (RARE) direction-of-arrival estimators have been developed for this problem. Currently, we are working onimproved versions of these algorithms which are insensitive to subarray misorientations.

9. Transmit beamforming for wireless communication systems

Project Leader: Prof. Dr. -Ing. Andreas CzylwikResearchers: Batu K. Chalise, M.Sc. and Dipl.-Ing. Lars HäringResearch funding: internal

The objective of this work is to analyze the system level performance of wireless com-munication systems that use smart antennas at the base stations. As a part of this work,we have developed a dynamic system level simulator for evaluating the performance ofUMTS-FDD systems with smart antennas. The simulator is flexible and can be used totest different downlink beamforming algorithms. We have included a realistic propaga-tion scenario along with mobility and traffic models. As an example, Fig. 1 shows themovement of a mobile station through the cellular network.

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Figure 1: Movement of a mobile station in a cellular network.

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Note, that a wrap-around technique is used so that if a mobile station leaves the main area,it enters again from the opposite side. Power control and soft-handover are implementedaccording to UMTS-FDD specifications. Therefore, the simulator is a suitable platformfor performance comparison of various uplink and downlink beamforming algorithms.We have analyzed the downlink beamforming methods based upon uplink to downlinkspatial covariance transformation techniques. Moreover, a robust uplink to downlink spa-tial covariance matrix transformation method has been developed. This method providesrobustness against uplink spatial signature mismatches. We compare its performancewith that of known methods. The results of this work have been presented in proceedingsof various international conferences.

10. Blind space-time decoding

Project Leader: Prof. Alex B. Gershman and Dr. Shahram Shahbazpanahi(in cooperation with Prof. J. Manton, University of Melbourne)

Research funding: Wolfgang Paul Award

In this project, a new computationally simple algorithm for blind decoding of orthogonalspace-time block codes is proposed. Our approach is based on specific properties ofthe orthogonal space-time block codes and provides the channel estimate in a closedform. This channel estimate is then used in the maximum likelihood (ML) receiver todecode the information symbols. Since the proposed estimation technique provides aconsistent channel estimate, the performance of such an ML receiver can be very closeto the ML receiver which exploits the true channel state information. We also show thatour channel estimation is equivalent to the deterministic ML joint channel estimation andsymbol detection if the finite alphabet constraint of the transmitted symbols is relaxed.Simulation results show the performance improvement of our blind decoding algorithmcompared to the differential space-time modulation schemes.

11. Synchronization in multi-user MIMO OFDM systems

Project leader: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. CzylwikResearcher: Dipl.-Ing. L. HäringResearch funding: internalProject duration: 06/2003 until 2006

In this project, we consider the topic of time and frequency synchronization in mul-tiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplex-ing (OFDM) systems.

It is well-known that multicarrier systems suffer from their high sensitivity to frequencysynchronization errors. In case of frequency offsets which are caused by mismatches oftransmitter and receiver oscillators or Doppler effects, the orthogonality between subcar-riers is lost. Other impairments like phase noise of oscillators and mismatches betweensampling frequencies of transmitter D/A- and receiver A/D-converters have also to betaken into account. All these non-idealities lead to intercarrier interference that severelydegrades the system performance. Hence, in an acquisition stage, the mentioned impair-ments must be estimated and compensated preferably before demodulation. Due to thetime-variance of mobile communication channels, a tracking stage must follow.


Time synchronization involves finding the optimal position of the DFT window fordemodulation. Due to the cyclic prefix in OFDM systems, the requirements are relaxed.However, since non-perfect timing synchronization deteriorate also the performanceof frequency synchronization, time and frequency synchronization are interrelated andhence, must be considered jointly.

In multiple antenna systems which have attracted a lot of attention in recent research, spa-tial diversity can be utilized to improve the synchronization performance. But this is onlytrue if antenna branches at transmitter and receiver share a common oscillator, respec-tively. Therefore, the task of synchronization in uplink multiuser scenarios can becomemuch more complicated since independent oscillators and movements of users cause dif-ferent frequency offsets to compensate. Moreover, due to different user locations, the re-quirements for time synchronization might be higher now unless the length of the cyclicprefix is increased. In multiple-access schemes like OFDMA where users are allowedto transmit simultaneously, synchronization parameters must be estimated jointly. How-ever, synchronization in recently proposed systems, employing SDMA where users areseparated by their different locations, is most challenging since the recognition of userstakes place not before the channel estimation.

In this project, the task of synchronization in such multiuser MIMO OFDM systems willbe investigated. Since fast synchronization is required, the focus of this work lies onfinding practicable (suboptimal) concepts rather than optimal solutions.

12. Universal measurement and transmission system

Project leader: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. CzylwikResearcher: Dipl.-Ing. Stefan BiederResearch funding: internalProject duration: 02/2002 until today

In this project the concept for a universal MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output ) mea-surement and transmission system is developed and further specifications of the systemare worked out in detail. The system is planned to perform measurements on the di-rection depending radio channel as well as to evaluate currently developed transmissiontechniques under real world conditions.

The frequency range of the system that can be used covers the UMTS as well as theHiperlan/2 and IEEE 802.11a frequencies. The system is planned in a modular waysuch other frequency ranges can also be studied. The usable bandwidth is 25 MHz andthe measurement duration is up to 10 s. The antenna array of the system consists of 8antennas at the transmitter and 8 antennas at the receiver side. The system is designedfor off-line evaluation of data because of the high amount of data to be transmitted.The universal character of the system requires high frequency stability and precision inamplitude and phase. A specification is developed for the realization of the system.

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D/A IF/RF

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Figure 2: Block diagram of the universal measurement and transmission system.

13. Implementable low-rate feedback in multi-user MIMO single carrier systems

Project leader: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. T. KaiserResearcher: Dipl.-Ing. A. WilzeckResearch funding: internalProject start: 10/2003

The project focuses on the practical system design and algorithm design of low-rate feed-back methods in MIMO broadband communication systems based on single carrier (SC)transmission.

Single carrier transmission with frequency domain equalization (FDE) is, beside the well-known Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM), another robust transmissionscheme for broadband communication in frequency-selective channels.

SC-FDE relaxes a lot of implementation issues of OFDM (PAPR, sensitiveness againstfrequency offsets, synchronization challenges, required coding and/or adaptation) whilesimultaneously exploits some well-known advantages of OFDM, like robustness againstdelay spread and efficient equalization by the fast Fouriertransform.

In addition, using a training sequence instead of a cyclic prefix can advantageously mit-igate the undesired overhead. By adding a time domain decision-feedback equalizer(DFE) suceeding the FDE, the performance of SC transmission can be further improvedand becomes comparable to adaptive OFDM. In order to deal with frequency selectiv-ity, adaptive OFDM needs to adapt every sub-carrier, whereas SC transmission exploitsthe frequency diversity directly and requires no feedback. For this reason the low-rate


feedback link is left free for other adaptations, e.g. in order to adjust multi-antenna pa-rameters.

Commonly, feedback is necessary whenever a transmission has to be adapted to the cur-rent channel state. In MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Out) systems the spatial domaincan be used to enhance the transmission among multiple users. Such adaptations or opti-mizations usually require numerous parameters and side-information to be fed back fromthe receivers to the transmitter.

In order to allow a low-rate feedback to the transmitter and to gain effectiveness espe-cially in multi-user scenarios, the first target of the project is the identification of signif-icant feedback informations for recently proposed MIMO algorithms or even to developadequate MIMO algorithms with low-rate feedback.

Next, the incorporation and usage of feedback methods in known and future communi-cation standards will be studied (e.g. UMTS, MIMO HSPDA and IEEE 802.11n). Thiswill involve a system-based approach in simulations and also experimental studies usingthe SmarT Antenna Real-Time System (STARS).

14. Network of excellence for smart antenna technologies

Project coordinator: Priv.-Doz. Dr. Thomas Kaiser

Smart antennas have emerged as a key technology for third and higher generations ofwireless communication systems because they add a new spatial dimension to the cur-rently used time, frequency, and code multiple access technologies. The recent past of3G wireless systems licensing process in Europe has shown that spectral bandwidth maycost billions of EURO to wireless system providers. In light of this fact, smart anten-nas offer an elegant and relatively inexpensive opportunity of increasing system capacity,number of users served, and quality of service. Today, developments and progress inthis strategic area are far away from cost-efficient practical implementation and a largeamount of both theoretical and experimental studies is of great demand to enable futuresuccessful applications of smart antenna technologies.

The main objectives of NESAT were:

� to undertake a major initiative in order to establish a strategic and coordinated re-search towards advanced smart antenna technologies on demand of the future wire-less communications systems,

� to create a network of cooperative links among leading European academic andindustrial researchers,

� to enhance and spread excellence in smart antenna research in Europe,� to establish innovative educational programs in this field, and� to provide European wireless industry with key solutions.

NESAT consisted of up to 55 partners from industry and academia.The final FP6-proposal was submitted in April 2004 and failed.

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NESAT co-ordinator: PD Dr. Thomas Kaiser, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Tel.: +49(0)203 379 3574, Fax: +49 (0)203 379 4437, email: [email protected]

15. Smart antenna real-time system (STARS)

Project leaders: Prof. Andreas Czylwik, Prof. Alex B. Gershman andPriv.-Doz. Dr. Thomas Kaiser

Research funding: WPP-GroupResearchers: Dipl.-Ing. M. Berentsen, Dipl.-Ing. A. Wilzeck,

D. Omoke, M.Sc., Dr. S. Shabbazpanahi, and Dr. Y. XueCooperation with: ATMEL, Xilinx University Program (XUP), HY-SDRProject duration: 5/03 until 12/04

Beside the classic diversity techniques - frequency diversity, time diversity, code diversity- future wireless communication systems require new approaches to enable higher datarates and/or larger coverage. The remaining mainly unused physical dimension - besidefrequency, time, and code - is the space. To exploit the spatial information of propa-gating and information carrying wave fronts an array of antennas is needed, either at thetransmitter or at the receiver or at both. Such multi-antenna systems are usually calledMIMO systems (Multiple Input Multiple Output) and are widely accepted as one of thefew promising key technologies to serve the demands of future wireless communicationsystems. To demonstrate the distinct progress from numerous advances in theory towardsrealistic wireless systems, a highly flexible and modular real-time testbed is required.

STARS offers two basic processing modes, namely

� an offline mode with a huge memory in order to quickly evaluate a multitude ofMIMO-algorithms with real data and,

� a real-time (online) mode in order to demonstrate the usefulness of MIMO systemsfor real world scenarios with special emphasis to multiuser environments.

STARS comprises of a mixture of multiple state-of-the-art FPGAs (Xilinx Virtex-II) &DSPs (Texas Instruments C64x/C67x) in a very modular fashion. Because of its modularconcept, the test-bed can be splitted into up to 4 multiple antenna systems, so it is possibleto study multi-user scenarios. Analog-to-digital conversion and vice versa can be donewith rates up to 105 MHz.

The whole platform is commercially available and is therefore perfectly suited for coop-erations in MIMO hardware, MIMO software and MIMO algorithm development.

4.2 Signal detection and signal processing in technical security systems 27

4.2 Signal detection and signal processing in technical security systems

Research in

� Automatic fire detection,

� Test methods for fire detection systems,

� Detection algorithms and simulation methods,

� Test methods for intrusion detectors

has been carried out since the Duisburg University was founded in 1972 and the departmentof communication engineering was established with the appointment of Prof. Luck to becomehead of the department. These activities are continued under the leadership of Prof. Willmssince the retirement of Prof. Luck, who still supports the “fire research group” in the depart-ment.

Basic investigations of fire phenomena like smoke, heat, radiation and emitted gaseous com-ponents during the earliest phase of development in genuine fires have been and are still underresearch. The investigation of new invented sensors and their suitability for general purposefire detection systems is an expanding area for technical applications.Support of European standardization organizations with proposals for new or improved andevaluated test methods for fire- and intrusion detection systems is a continuous activity whichhas been supported by EU research funding for several years.Particular attention is paid to the development of new detection algorithms with improved de-tectivity and computer aided test and simulation methods for detection algorithms, because spe-cial knowledge is available in signal processing, signal parameter estimation, detection methodsand signal modeling procedures from lecturing in communication engineering.New research projects are performed in video fire detection and fire detection in air craft carri-ers in cooperation with manufacturers of fire detection equipment and Airbus Industries.First steps with the aim to use existing “Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Models” for thesimulation of the response of fire sensor signals in given environments are under investigation.

An especially designed “fire detection laboratory” with all necessary equipment and instrumen-tation is available for these projects in the communication engineering systems department.

The department organizes the international “AUBE” conferences on automatic fire detectionusually at Duisburg University as a discussion panel for manufacturers, test laboratories, re-searchers, standardization boards and insurance companies from all over the world. However,the last (12th) “AUBE’01” in 2001 was co-organized with the American National Institute ofStandards and Technology (NIST) and held in the framework of the centennial anniversary ofthe NIST in Gaithersburg, Washington, USA.

The next “AUBE’04” is scheduled for September 14-16, 2004 in Duisburg.

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1. Intrusion detector testing

Project leader: Prof. Dr.-Ing. I. WillmsResearchers: Dipl.-Ing. Claudia Rexfort, Dipl.-Ing. M. BerentsenResearch funding: European Union (EU)Cooperation with: VDS-Schadenverhütung, Germany; GE Interlogix-Europe,

Netherlands; BRE, UK; CNPP, France, ANPI-NVBB, Belgium;Delta Electronics, Denmark; Siemens Building TechnologyAG/CERBERUS Division, Switzerland and Securiton AG,Switzerland.

Project duration: 1/1998 until 10/2002

National standards specifying the functionality and test requirements for volumetric in-trusion detectors exist since many years in several countries. However, in the mid 90’s adefinite lack was seen concerning the consistency in the requirements between the stan-dards and vastly different test methods. None of them could provide an adequate level ofreproducibility for the basic test of type approval testing. During this test phase, beforeand after environmental tests the so-called Response Threshold Value, in short RTV, ameasure for the sensitivity of a detector in a specified test condition, needs to be deter-mined for checking the detectors stability.

Manufacturers use test methods and equipment for checking the above-mentioned andother performance parameters of their products. However, such equipment could not beused universally for all detector types throughout Europe. In 1998 a consortium con-sisting of several manufacturers and all major European test laboratories took over theinitiative for the corresponding development task in the form of the IDT project. In thecourse of this project, a test apparatus was developed which is suitable for determiningthe RTV of passive infrared detectors, ultrasonic and microwave Doppler detectors andtheir combinations (dual technology detectors).

The task was completed with an exhausting test series on the final prototype (see thefollowing pictures of the prototype, Figs. 6, 4, 5) of the IDT equipment and a draftproposal for a corresponding test procedure was set-up. In addition it was shown howthe system could be adapted to future needs (for the test of future intrusion detectorsincluding those with video sensors).


Figure 3: View of the positioning unit with intrusion detector, ultrasonic microphoneand IR radiometer.

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Figure 4: Doppler simulation unit with horn antennas and ultrasonic transducer on ahorizontal positioner.


Figure 5: Test chamber with Doppler simulation unit, IR emitter array and positioner.

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2. Fire location estimation by temperature sensor arrays

Project leader: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. Th. KaiserResearcher: Dipl.-Ing. Martin BerentsenResearch funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)Project duration: 6/2000 until 5/2003

The annual economical damage caused by unwanted fires is in the order of magnitudeof ten billion Euro. Beside this fact, numerous injured and dead persons demonstratethe strong demand for further research in fire detection. One of the main objectives inautomatic fire detection is to find the true causes for the fire so as to prevent them farin advance. Some recent research contributes to this aim. The approach is based on thequestion on how to detect the origin of a fire with reasonable technical efforts. At leastat the time instant of an alarm raise, the origin should be known so that a focussed auto-matic distinguishing becomes feasible. Such an approach will limit the overall damage,especially in sensitive environments, like museums, storage halls, shopping malls, com-puter rooms etc. In this project the location of a fire is estimated by two temperaturearrays being spatially separated. Each of the arrays estimates the direction of arrival ofthe impinging temperature wavefront, which is caused by a fire and propagates spheri-cally beneath the ceiling. With the well known concept of triangularization, the origincan be estimated only by knowledge of the two directions of arrivals. An additional ben-efit of this approach consists in the estimation of the temperature and the velocity of thewavefront. Both physical parameters can be used in order to further increase the relia-bility of conventional fire detectors. Aim of this project is to investigate this approachthoroughly.

Figure 6: Test setup for the fire location estimator.


3. Multi-sensor testing

Project leader: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Luck, Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. I. WillmsResearcher: Dr.-Ing. Oliver LindenResearch funding: Verband der Schadenversicherer, Köln (VdS)Cooperation with: National Institute of Standards and

Technologies, Maryland; USAProject duration: 9/2001 until 11/2002

Within the past years fire detection technology has developed at a high speed of innova-tion. Computerization and the use of sophisticated fire detection algorithms gained moreand more importance at taking advantage of the wide range of opportunities multisensordetectors show. Despite this development, testing methods still remain to be the same.European testing standards and testing equipment that have been created for fire detec-tors decades ago, are undergoing adoption to state of the art of fire detection technologystep by step. Against this background a new, performance-based concept for testing firedetectors has been developed in close cooperation with VdS. With the new concept it ispossible to measure the stability of a multisensor fire detector as a whole - in contrast tothe conventional concept according to which each sensor usually needs to be tested in atime consuming way at a separate test bench. The first results which have been achievedwith the new concept are promising. However, within 2003 a new test bench will bebuilt up which is expected to provide highly defined and repeatable testing conditions ata comparably low price.

4. Simulation of fires and fire sensor signals

Project leader: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. LuckResearcher: Dipl.-Ing. Claudia RexfortResearch funding: internalCooperation with: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USAProject duration: 1/2001 until today

The project deals with combination of a fire and a fire sensor model into one combinedmodel. Fire models are used to simulate different types of fires and give different simu-lation results. These results shall be used as input parameters for a sensor model. Thissensor model simulates the response of a fire sensor to a given fire or non-fire situation.In general, the input parameters of the sensor model can not be taken directly from theresults of the fire model. The results have to be converted to the input parameters of thesensor model. The goal of the project is to give the opportunity to simulate the processof automatic fire detection from the beginning of the fire up to the response of the firesensor.

34 4 RESEARCH

Figure 7: Simulation of the heat development in an early phase in the kitchen of atown house model.

5. Optimum and suboptimum receivers for additive non-Gaussian channels

Project leader: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. Th. KaiserResearcher: Dipl.-Ing. Youssef DhibiResearch funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)Project duration: 11/2001 until 10/2004

The basic idea of this project is to take into account the statistical properties of the chan-nel noise in order to achieve either higher data rates or more robustness. Often foundin scientific contributions is the assumption of an additive Gaussian noise channel. Herewe relax the assumption of Gaussianty and we try to exploit the non-Gaussianty in someoptimum or at least sub-optimum sense. We start with the calculation of the channelcapacity for non-Gaussian channels so as to know some kind of a benchmark. After apreliminary detection and a rough estimation of the noise properties, iterative schemesare developed in order to gradually optimize the receiver performance.


6. Performance test for the“New multi-sensor fire detectors with innovative design”

Project leader: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. LuckResearcher: Dipl.-Ing. R. SiebelResearch funding: Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.; JapanCooperation with: Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.; JapanProject duration: 2/2002 until 7/2002

The aim of this project was to carry out a rigorous performance test for the new designedDual-Sensor detection algorithm, manufactured by Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd.The detector is equipped with an optical scattering light smoke sensor in combinationwith a heat sensor.The performance test comprised the test of the detection features in fire scenarios as wellas the test of the false alarm behaviour of the detection algorithm, both to be tested for 5different preselectable modes of operation.Standard test procedures could not be applied because the outstanding feature of this newdetection algorithm is, that it automatically - and independent of the initially chosen op-eration mode - switches to one of the other modes, if previously observed smoke and/orheat events within the last month period of time occured. For example rough environ-ments may cause false or unwanted alarms. Thus, the detection algorithm automaticallyadapts itself to more or less false alarm relevant environmental conditions.

The difficulties of testing a time-variant detection system have been solved by using datafiles of the response of similar smoke and heat sensors, which have been recorded duringfield tests in various different environments for several years. Moreover, artificially gen-erated smoke and heat sensor responses have been used to simulate more or less false-alarm relevant environments for long time periods. Thereafter detection features havebeen tested again in fire scenarios and compared to the detection features in previouslyclean environments.

7. Fire detection by microwaves

Project leader: Priv.-Doz. Dr. Kaiser, Prof. Dr.-Ing. K. SolbachResearcher: Dipl.-Ing. Thorsten KempkaResearch funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)Cooperation with: Department for High Frequency Techniques,

Duisburg UniversityProject duration: 4/2002 until 4/2004

This project considers the properties of the temperature radiation of fires in the mi-crowave region. The physical basics for this are very similar to that in the infrared re-gion, the only difference is the observed frequency region. Microwaves have a longerwavelength, which has the advantage, that microwaves can penetrate matter. This makesapplications possible not only in smoke filled environments but also in matter filled en-vironments like landfills or coal dumps. Therefore, basic measurements are required,which have not yet been carried out elsewhere, in order to search for characteristic prop-erties of different fires. In the ’Fire detection by microwaves’ project the temperature

36 4 RESEARCH

radiation of test fires according to the European standard EN 54 will be measured in afrequency region from 2 GHz to 40 GHz.

Figure 8: Test setup for the ’Fire detection by microwaves’ project.

8. Innovative technologies for multi-sensor fire detection applications

Project leader: Prof. Dr.-Ing. I. Willms, Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. LuckResearcher: Dipl.-Ing. R. Siebel, Dr.-Ing. O. Linden,

Dipl.-Ing. Th.R.P. Schultze, Dipl.-Ing. D. Wang, Dr.-Ing. J. ZhaoResearch funding: Nanjing Fire Group, ChinaCooperation with: Nanjing Fire Group, ChinaProject duration: 7/02 until 2006

The aim of the project is to prepare the basis for a development of a new class of firedetectors featuring state-of-the-art technologies. For this reason the Nanjing Fire Grouphas entered a joint program which includes a framework of activities. The activitiesin 2002 and 2003 mainly cover the following topics: Investigations about temperatureand gas sensor technologies of today and the near future, innovative design aspects of


scattered light sensors and video fire detection of flames. Another aspect covered theperformance analysis and testing of fire detectors available on the market. Furthermore,properties of some selected gas and humidity sensors have been investigated.

9. Fire detection in cargo bays

Project leader: Prof. Dr.-Ing. I. WillmsResearcher: Dipl.-Ing. Wolfgang KrüllResearch funding: Goodrich Corp., Vergennes, Vermont, U.S.A.Cooperation with: AIRBUS Corp., BremenProject duration: 2002 until 2004

In the view of high costs caused by false alarms of smoke detectors in cargo bays ofairplanes, AIRBUS Industries wants to establish a video-based smoke detection system(Cargo Fire Verification System - CFVS) in their new generation of A340 long-rangeairplanes. The department NTS is a consulting member of the new founded "CFVS Ad-visory Board". The objective of the "CFVS Advisory Board" is to provide the definitionof the most appropriate fire and non-fire events that the CFVS must deal with and suggestsuitable test methods for providing adequate performance.

A video-based smoke detection system, developed by GOODRICH Corporation, will betested in this project. Corresponding test procedures will be elaborated as part of the"System Verification Document". Fire and smoke tests will be performed at the DuisburgFire Detection Laboratory in two major types of scenarios: standard EN-54 part 9 TF-1through TF-7 test fires as well as reduced TF-1 through TF-7 with test cell modifications,including camera obstructions. The collected data will be used for smoke and fire detec-tion algorithm development and refinement of performance standards for the CFVS. Inaddition to fire tests a lot of dust tests will be performed because dust looks similar tosmoke on video and causes a lot of problems with optical smoke detectors in cargo bays.

38 4 RESEARCH

Figure 9: A340-airplane.

Figure 10: Fire detection in cargo bays. Top: empty and loaded cargo bay of the A340.Bottom: test setup in the fire detection laboratory and pilot video view tothe cargo bay.

4.3 Other subjects. 39

4.3 Other subjects.

Impact of impulsive and/or non-GAUSSian noise in communicationsProject Leader: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. T. KaiserResearchers: Dipl.-Ing. Youssef DhibiResearch funding: DFGProject duration: 9/2001 until 9/2004

Historically, the assumption of GAUSSIANity of the underlying noise and interferences hasdominated the signal processing methods. The justification for this assumption is given by thewell known central limit theorem which allows a manageable mathematical description of thenoise. Nevertheless, some modern communication scenarios are also statistically characterizedby impulsive properties. Hence, they are decidedly non-GAUSSIAN. Channels which are cor-rupted with impulsive noise can be found in many domains like powerline communications(PLC), Ethernet traffic, underwater signal processing, etc.Moreover, the signal processing techniques become more sophisticated and powerful and theresulting systems can be used for improved performance. This technological push opened thedoors for the reexamination of the fundamentals and methods of signal processing with impul-sive noise.In order to be able to simulate and investigate the impact of impulsive and/or non-GAUSSiannoise in communications, mathematical models have to be defined. Here, two examples areintroduced, the so-called generalized GAUSSian and generalized CAUCHY models. They aremainly defined by their probability density functions, shortly pdf.

� The generalized GAUSSian pdf:

fGG�x �� α

2A�α � Γ � 1

α � exp

�� x�

A�α � α with A

�α �� σ2

N

Γ � 1α �

Γ � 3α ��

� The generalized CAUCHY pdf:

fGC�x �� B

�α � γ ��

1 � 1γ

��x�

A�α � α � γ � 1 � α � where

B�α � γ �� αγ � 1 � αΓ

�γ � 1 � α �

2A�α � Γ � γ � Γ � 1 � α � and A

�α �� σ2

Γ � 1α �

Γ � 3α �

Here, Γ�� is the known gamma function defined as Γ

�x �� ∞�

0tx � 1 exp

� �t � dt.

Both pdfs are illustrated in Figure 11.

In this research domain, the aspects of modelling the noise as impulsive or non-GAUSSian areinvestigated. Some fundamentals and methods of the signal processing and communicationsbased on the assumption of the GAUSSianity of the noise are reexamined and adapted to theimpulsive models. Furthermore, new receiver structures are developed.

40 4 RESEARCH

α �

��

0 � 51

1 � 523

100

2

1 � 5

2 � 53

1

0 � 50 �

2�

3�

1 1 2 30x

f GG

� x

�

(a) Generalized GAUSSian

1 0 1 2 3 3 20

0 51

1 52

2 53

α ��

0 51

1 52

10

f GC

� x

�

x

(b) Generalized CAUCHY

Figure 11: Probability density functions of the generalized GAUSSian and generalizedCAUCHY models.

Digital processing of ultra-wideband communication signals

Project Leader: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. T. KaiserResearcher: Dipl.-Ing. Youssef DhibiResearch funding: currently internalProject start: 11/2003

Wireless ultra-wideband (UWB) communications represent an emerging technology for highdata rates within indoor environments. The extremely large bandwidth of some Gigahertz canbe achieved by using either very short single carrier pulses with a duration in the order of sub-nanoseconds or multiple carrier methods with multiple subcarriers. Such enormous bandwidthenables already nowadays data rates up to 100 Mbit/s. The wired ethernet becomes wireless.

Theoretically, data rates of several Gbit/s over an acceptable range are achievable. However,for such purposes, Digital-to-Analog (D/A) as well as Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converters withvery high sampling frequencies are required. Beside their costs, such devices are unrealistic formobile applications because of their large power consumption.

Around 20 years ago, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) was introduced in communi-cations. The required correlators were initially implemented as analog devices. The steadygrowing integration of microelectronic circuits enables nowadays the employment of CDMAin the third generation of mobile communications (UMTS, CDMA 2000). If MOORE’s lawremains valid, the same tendency towards digital UWB receivers can be expected.

Although some scientific contributions about digital receiver structures - or in general aboutdigital signal processing - for ultra-wideband systems are already published, a systematicalinvestigation is still missing. Such a comprehensive work has to take into account typical chal-


lenges resulting from the ultra wideband channel. For example, the large number of resolvablepaths require accurate and realistic channel models. Furthermore, new broadband antenna de-vices under severe size restrictions of a mobile terminal are required. Last but not least, thesame applies to low power consuming RF converters.

Aim of the research project is to investigate digital receiver architectures in detail with fullrespect to the properties of the UWB channel. The following modulation methods are in ourfocus:

� pulsed UWB transmission with equalization in the time domain (e.g. RAKE receiver),

� single carrier transmission with equalization in the frequency domain,

� multiple carrier transmission combined with appropriate channel or frequency coding.

A comparison of the different receivers has always to be done under realistic channel models.For example, dense multipath environments as well as non-omnidirectional, frequency depen-dent antenna characteristics have to be taken into consideration.

In addition, the ability of UWB systems to serve multiple users has to be studied in detail. Incase of pulsed UWB transmission, additional users - transmitting also pulses in the same range- interfere with the desired user and therefore can be modeled as some kind of additive noise.Usually, this additive noise component is assumed to be Gaussian distributed. However, recentresults show that the signals of the additional users cause, even in case of a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), noticeable higher bit error rates (BER) as in case of Gaussianity assumption.Therefore, other, non-Gaussian models have to be considered to more adequately describe mul-tiuser interferences. Furthermore, it is well known that the capacity of channels with additivenon-Gaussian noise is always greater than that one of Gaussian channels provided the SNR iskept constant. To approximate such an upper bound, appropriate non-linear receivers have tobe developed. Due to the changing number of users and the time variance of a mobile system,it becomes clear that adaptive receiver structures are required to cope with the challenges of anUWB channel. Hence, they have to be implemented digitally, which further substantiate themotivation behind this project.

Ultra-wideband multi-antenna systems

Project Leader: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. T. KaiserResearcher: Dipl.-Math. C. BuchholzResearch funding: currently internalProject start: 11/2003

Multi-antenna systems (MAS) and ultra-wideband (UWB) transmission systems belong to thefew key technologies for future wireless communications. MAS could be divided into threemain categories depending on the goal and the environment:

� beamforming

� space time coding

42 4 RESEARCH

� spatial multiplexing

Beamforming requires correlated wavefronts e.g. to reduce interference, whereas space timecoding and spatial multiplexing necessitates a rich scattering environment to exploit spatialdiversity or to increase the data rate.

Ultra-wideband transmission systems can be subdivided by the applied modulation scheme:

� impulse based transmission with equalization in time domain (e.g. by a RAKE receiver),

� single carrier transmission with equalization in frequency domain,

� multi-carrier transmission with adequate coding schemes (e.g. channel coding or fre-quency hopping).

The impulse based transmission could be regarded as classical approach, multiple carrier sys-tems seem to be of particular attractiveness for initial applications with high data rates despitethe multitude of subcarriers. Single carrier systems have not been given much attention so far.A combination of these both key technologies seems to be a promising concept. Hence, the aimof this research project is to investigate the pros and cons of a marriage of UWB with MAS.

Recently, it has been shown that the channel capacity of a system with N transmit and N receiveantennas increases approximately linear with N even in the case of ultra-wideband transmis-sion. Therefore, if the application goal is highest data rate, both approaches may complementeach other in an almost ideal way. This could be further confirmed from another perspective.It is known that frequencies over approx. 10 GHz are significantly attenuated by walls andother obstacles in indoor environments. Thus, the frequency range from a few kHz to 10 GHzlimits physically the maximum available bandwidth for indoor communcation systems. Theultra wideband transmission is regulated to the frequency range 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz (USA),that means around 70% of the available bandwidth can be exploited. Therefore, the marriage ofUWB with MAS approaches the mentioned upper physical bound and allows to approximatelyachieve the maximum indoor data rate.

In contrast, if the aim is to serve multiple simultaneous users seperated by their spatial location,beamforming could prove as profitable especially under line-of-sight (LOS) conditions. LOSconnections are characterized through a dominant path which is amplified by beamformingonce more. In parallel, interfering multipaths relying on reflections are attenuated. Further-more, multi level transmission by orthogonal pulse shapes may become feasible by beamform-ing. Without beamforming this seems to be impossible, because the impulse shape changes byreflections and the orthogonality character gets lost. Thus, beamforming could indirectly fur-ther enhance the data rate - at the same time, spatially seperated interferers can be principallycancelled.

These two reasons motivate a systematic investigation about the marriage of MAS with UWB.The goal of this research project is to critically shed more light on all relevant combinations ofthe mentioned MAS techniques in relation to typical UWB modulation methods, to reveal thetechnical challenges and to assess the pros and cons.


Evaluation of the channel capacity of MIMO UWB indoor wireless systems

Project Leader: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. T. KaiserResearcher: Dr. Feng ZhengResearch funding: Wolfgang Paul AwardProject start: 4/2002

In this project, we investigate the channel capacity of multi-antenna ultra wideband (UWB)indoor wireless systems. The channel characteristics of UWB wireless systems differ fromthat of conventional narrow-band wireless systems mainly in two aspects: i) The statistics ofthe amplitude fading for UWB channels is fundamental different from that of narrow-bandchannels; and ii) Multi-path propagation dominates in UWB wireless communications.

In part I of this project, we consider the case of frequency-flat channels. Even if UWB chan-nels are frequency-selective in general, the assumption of frequency-flat channels will give usvaluable insight. For example, it can be shown in closed form that the channel capacity isproportional to the number of transmit/receive antennas. The channel capacity is calculatedfor four special cases: (i) single transmit antenna and single receive antenna (SISO), (ii) singletransmit and multiple receive antennas (SIMO), (iii) multiple transmit and single receive anten-nas (MISO), and (iv) infinitely many transmit and receive antennas. Formulae for the outageprobability of the capacity are also presented for cases (i), (ii) and (iii). Numerical results areprovided to demonstrate the dependence of the channel capacity on various kinds of channelparameters. It is shown that increasing the number of receive antennas can obtain more benefitin channel capacity than increasing the number of transmit antennas. Principally, the channelcapacity could be increased indefinitely by employing a large number of receive antennas, butit appears to increase only logarithmically in this number for the SIMO case; while employing3-5 transmit antennas (irrespective of all other parameters considered herein) can approach thebest advantage of the multiple transmit antenna systems as far as channel capacity is concernedfor MISO case. We have also observed that when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low, thebenefit in average capacity obtained by distributing the available power to different transmit an-tennas is very limited. We have shown numerically that for a given SNR, the outage probabilitydecreases considerably with the increase of the number of receive antennas, while the outageprobability decreases with the number of transmit antennas when the transmission rate is lowerthan some value (in the range of practical communications with tolerable outage probability),but increases instead when the transmission rate is higher than this value.

In part II of this project, we consider the case of frequency-selective channels. We adopt astochastic tapped-delay-line (STDL) model (with L taps) as the basic model of our consider-ation. An analytic expression for the capacity of UWB wireless communication systems forSISO case and when STDL consists of only two taps is given, while the capacity for othercases is obtained by Monte Carlo simulation approach. The following conclusions can bedrawn from our results. 1) When SNR is low, the outage probability of the channel capacitydecreases remarkably with L; 2) When SNR is lower than some value, say -20dB, using opti-mal power spectrum distribution (PSD) at the transmitter side can increase the reliable trans-mission rate considerably compared to the uniform PSD scheme, while when SNR is higherthan some value, say 10dB, the benefit of optimal PSD is very limited. Therefore, measuressuch as frequency domain water-filling algorithm should be considered to take full advantage

44 4 RESEARCH

of frequency-selectivity if the SNR of UWB systems is low; 3) In MIMO case, the outageprobability decreases with the increase of the number of transmit antennas when the commu-nication rate is lower than some value, but increases instead when the rate is higher than thisvalue; 4) In SIMO case, the communication rate supportable by the channel with a given outageprobability increases approximately logarithmically with the number of receive antennas; and5) In MIMO case with equal number of transmit and receive antennas, the communication ratesupportable by the channel with a given outage probability increases approximately linearlywith the number of transmit or receive antennas.

4.4 Co-operations 45

4.4 Co-operations

4.4.1 Co-operations with industry

The following co-operations with industry have been established or continued:

Company / institution Subject of co-operation

Airbus Industries Fire detection in cargo bays

ANPI-NVBB, Belgium Intrusion detector testing

ATMEL Wireless communication systems, RF modules

BRE, UK Intrusion detector testing

CNPP, France Intrusion detector testing

Delta Electronics, Denmark Intrusion detector testing

Fraunhofer-Institut IMS, Duisburg 2nd host institution for the Wolfgang Paulaward group

GE Interlogix Europe Intrusion detector testing

Goodrich Corp., USA Fire detection in cargo bays

IMST Universal measurement system

LG Electronics Inc., Korea GSM

Lucent Technologies UMTS, Smart antennas

Matsushita Electric Works Ltd, Japan Multi-sensor fire detection

Nanjing Fire Group, China Multi-sensor fire detection

National Institute of Standards andTechnologies, USA

Multi-sensor testing, simulation of fires and firesensor signals

Matsushita Electric Works Ltd, Japan Multi-sensor fire detection

Securiton AG, Switzerland Intrusion detector testing

Siemens Building Technology AG,CERBERUS Division, Switzerland

Intrusion detector testing

ter Meer, Steinmeister & Partner GSM

VDS-Schadenverhütung Intrusion detector testing

T-Systems(Deutsche Telekom, Darmstadt)

Wireless ATM transmission, DVB-T

VDS-Schadenverhütung Intrusion detector testing

46 4 RESEARCH

4.4.2 Co-operations with universities.

Prof. Moeness Amin Center for Advanced Communi-cations, Villanova University

PA, USA

Prof. Zhi-Quan (Tom) Luo University of Minnesota Minneapolis

Prof. Kon Max Wong McMaster University Canada

Prof. Nikos Sidiropoulos, Technical University of Crete Crete, Chania, Greece

Prof. Petre Stoica Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden

Prof. Erik Larsson George Washington University Washington, DC, USA

Prof. Jonathan Manton University of Melbourne Melbourne, Australia

Prof. Sharokh Valaee University of Toronto Toronto, Canada

Prof. Yingbo Hua University of Californiaat Riverside

Riverside, CA, USA

Prof. Vladimir Katkovnik Tampere Universityof Technology

Finnland

Dr. Chong Meng Samson See DSO National Laboratories Singapore

Dr. Ning Ma DSO National Laboratories Singapore

Prof. Martin Haardt TU Ilmenau Germany

Prof. Seungwon Choi Hanyang University Seoul, Korea

Intensive co-operations including the exchange of researchers, students and knowledge havebeen established with the following universities:

The University of Villanova, USA

McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

4.4.3 Memberships

The Department of Communication Systems or its members, respectively, are members of thefollowing organizations:

COST 273 ITG VDE IEEE

47

5 Awards

Prof. Dr. Alex B. Gershman: 2001-2004 Wolfgang Paul Award of Alexander von Hum-boldt Foundation, 2001-2004

Prof. Dr. Alex B. Gershman: 2002 Young Explorer’s Prize of Canadian Institute ofAdvanced Research (CIAR) which honors thetop 20 Canadian researchers aged 40 and under.

Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Wilzeck 10.07.2003 “Förderpreis der Universität Duisburg-Essen”for his diploma thesis on “Design und Im-plementierung von aufwandsgünstigen Top-Delay-Tracking- und Interpolationsverfahrenfür RAKE-Receiver auf einem digitalen Signal-prozessor (DSP)” which has been performed at“Fachgebiet Kommunikationstechnik”

48 6 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

6 List of publications

6.1 Books and chapters in books

[1] M. BIGUESH AND F. FARZANEH:"Letter composition, Email and Internet chat”, SharifUniversity of Technology Press, ISBN: 964-6379-95-8, 2003.

[2] A.B. GERSHMAN: "Robustness issues in adaptive beamforming and high-resolution di-rection finding", Chapter 2 pp. 63-110 in the book High-Resolution and Robust SignalProcessing, Y. Hua, A.B. Gershman, and Q. Cheng, Editors, Marcel Dekker, 2003.

[3] Y. HUA, A.B. GERSHMAN, AND Q. CHENG (Editors), "High-resolution and robustsignal processing", Marcel Dekker, 2003.

6.2 Journal papers

[1] M. BIGUESH, B. CHAMPAGNE, S. VALAEE AND M. H. BASTANI: "A strategy forcochannel signals extraction with antenna array in TDMA/FDMA mobile cellular sys-tems", Journal of Scientia Iranica, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 389-391, Fall 2002.

[2] A. CZYLWIK: "Handys in der vierten Dimension - Intelligente Antennen in zellularenMobilfunksystemen", In Forum Forschung 2002/2003, Gerhard-Mercator-UniversitätDuisburg, p. 143-149, 2002.

[3] G. DADASHZADEH, M. BIGUESH, M. HAKAK AND M. KAMAREI: "Correlation of thereceived CDMA signal on the elements of antenna array in the channel of a cellular com-munication system", International Journal of Engineering Science, University of Science& Technology, 2003.

[4] A.B. GERSHMAN, P. STOICA, M. PESAVENTO AND E. LARSSON: "The stochasticCramer-Rao bound for direction estimation in unknown noise fields", IEE Proceedings -Radar, Sonar and Navigation, vol. 149, No. 1, pp. 2-8, Feb. 2002.

[5] V. KATKOVNIK AND A.B. GERSHMAN: "Performance study of the local polynomial ap-proximation based beamforming in the presence of moving sources", IEEE Transactionson Antennas and Propagation, vol. 50, No. 8, pp. 1151-1157, Aug. 2002.

[6] J. LIU, A.B. GERSHMAN, Z.-Q. LUO AND K.M. WONG: "Adaptive beamforming withsidelobe control: a second-order cone programming approach", IEEE Signal ProcessingLetters, vol. 10, pp. 331-334, Nov. 2003.

[7] M. PESAVENTO, A.B. GERSHMAN AND K.M. WONG: "Direction finding in partlycalibrated sensor arrays composed of multiple subarrays", IEEE Transactions on SignalProcessing, vol. 50, No. 9, pp. 2103-2115, Sept. 2002.

6.2 Journal papers 49

[8] M. PESAVENTO, A.B. GERSHMAN AND Z.-Q. LUO: "Robust array interpolation usingsecond-order cone programming", IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 9, pp. 8-11, Jan.2002.

[9] C. REXFORT: "Smoke distribution in enclosures including coagulation effects, modelingand simulation", EUSAS Newsletter No. 16, pp1-10, Dec. 2002.

[10] S. SHAHBAZPANAHI, A.B. GERSHMAN, Z-Q. LUO AND K.M. WONG: "Robust adap-tive beamforming for general-rank signal models", IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol.51, pp. 2257-2269, Sept. 2003.

[11] M. SHARIF, M. GHARAVI-ALKHANSARI AND B. H. KHALAJ: "On the peak powerproblem of OFDM signals based on oversampling", in IEEE Transactions on Commu-nications, vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 72-78, Jan. 2003.

[12] S.A. VOROBYOV AND A. CICHOCKI: "Blind noise reduction for multi-sensory signalsusing ICA and subspace filtering with application to EEG analysis", Biological Cyber-netics, Vol. 86, No. 4, pp. 293-303, Apr. 2002.

[13] S.A. VOROBYOV, A.B. GERSHMAN AND Z.-Q. LUO: "Robust adaptive beamformingusing worst-case performance optimization: a solution to the signal mismatch problem",IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 313-324, Feb. 2003.

[14] I. WILLMS AND M. PANTUS: "Die Prüfung von Videobewegungsmeldern", WIK -Zeitschrift für die Sicherheit in der Wirtschaft, Ingelheim, Germany, pp. 31-33, 2002/3.

[15] Y. XUE AND X. ZHU: "The minimum error entropy based robust wireless channel track-ing in impulsive noise", IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 228 -230, June2002.

[16] Y. XUE AND X. ZHU:"Per-survivor processing based decoding for space-time trelliscode", IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 52, No. 4, pp.1173-1178, July 2003.

[17] Y. XUE AND X. ZHU: "Second-order LMS based per-survivor processing decoder forspace-time trellis code", Wireless Personal Communications, pp. 223-240, June 2003.

[18] Y. XUE AND X. ZHU: "Robust adaptive decoding of space-time trellis code with soft-decision output", European Transaction on Telecommunications, vol. 14, pp. 149-153,2003.

[19] Y. XUE AND X. ZHU: "Wireless channel tracking based on self-tuning second-orderLMS algorithm", IEE Proc. Communication, vol.150, No. 2, pp.115-120, Apr. 2003.

[20] Y. XUE AND X. ZHU: "Second-order LMS based wireless channel tracking: implemen-tation under imperfect carrier synchronization", Signal Processing, pp. 199-212, Jan.2003.


[21] F. ZHENG AND P. M. FRANK: “Robust control of uncertain distributed delay systemswith application to the stabilization of combustion in rocket motor chambers", Automat-ica, vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 487-497, 2002.

[22] F. ZHENG, Q.-G. WANG, AND T. H. LEE: "On the design of multivariable PID con-trollers via LMI approach", Automatica, vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 517-526, 2002.

[23] F. ZHENG, Q.-G. WANG AND T. H. LEE: "A heuristic approach to solving a classof bilinear matrix inequality problems", Systems & Control Letters, vol. 47, No. 2,pp. 111-119, 2002.

[24] F. ZHENG, Q.-G. WANG AND T. H. LEE: "Output tracking control of MIMO fuzzy non-linear systems using variable structure control approach", IEEE Transactions on FuzzySystems, vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 686-697, 2002.

[25] F. ZHENG AND P. M. FRANK: "Robust controller design for uncertain nonlinear sys-tems via fuzzy modelling approach and its application to the control of power systems",European Journal of Control, vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 535-550, 2002.

6.3 Conference papers 51

6.3 Conference papers

[1] B. BALAKUMAR, T. KIRUBARAJAN AND A.B. GERSHMAN: "Blind adaptive multiuserdetection over time-varying time-dispersive channels", IEEE Conference on Systems,Man and Cybernetics, Washington, DC, USA, Oct. 2003.

[2] M. BIGUESH, S. SHAHBAZPANAHI AND A.B. GERSHMAN: "Robust power adjustmentfor transmit beamforming in cellular communication systems", Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. onAcoust., Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP’03), vol. 5, pp. 105-108„ Hong Kong,Apr. 2003.

[3] M. BIGUESH, S. SHAHBAZPANAHI AND A.B. GERSHMAN: "Robust downlink poweradjustment in cellular communication systems with antenna arrays at base stations",Proc. IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Applications(SPAWC’03), Rome, Italy, June 2003.

[4] M. BIGUESH, G. DADASHZADEH AND M. HAKKAK: "Spatial cross-correlation matrixof received signals in wireless systems with multiple antennas", Proceeding of 6th Inter-national Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC’03),Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan, Oct. 2003.

[5] M. BIGUESH AND A.B. GERSHMAN: "Optimum probing for downlink vector channelestimation", invited talk, special session on Smart Antennas in Cellular Systems, Int.Symp. on Signal Processing and Inform. Technology (ISSPIT’03), Darmstadt, Germany,Dec. 2003.

[6] B. K. CHALISE, L. HÄRING AND A. CZYLWIK: ”System level performance of UMTS-FDD with covariance transformation based DL beamforming", Globecom 2003, SanFrancisco, USA, Dec. 2003.

[7] B. K. CHALISE, L. HÄRING AND A. CZYLWIK: ”Uplink to downlink spatial covari-ance matrix transformation concepts for downlink beamforming", IEEE ISSPIT 2003,Darmstadt, Germany, Dec. 2003.

[8] L. CIRILLO, A. ZOUBIR AND A.B. GERSHMAN: "Direction-of-arrival estimation ofuncorrelated FM signals", Proc. IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal ProcessingWorkshop, Rosslyn, VA, Aug. 2002.

[9] A. CZYLWIK AND A. DEKORSY: "Optimization of downlink beamforming for systemswith frequency division duplex", Proceedings of the IEEE 2002 International Zurich Sem-inar on Broadband Communications, pp. 11.1-11.6, Zürich, 2002.

[10] A. CZYLWIK AND A. DEKORSY: "Analysis of antenna topologies for downlink beam-forming - a system level comparison", Kleinheubacher Berichte, vol. 45, pp. 143-147,2002.

[11] A. CZYLWIK: "Performance of realistic circular antenna arrays in cellular mobile radiosystems", COST 273 Technical Document TD (03) 010, Barcelona, Spain, 2003.


[12] A. CZYLWIK: "Capacity calculations for cellular mobile communication systems withsmart antennas", European Microwave Week 2003, Workshop on Smart Antennas, Mu-nich, Germany, 2003.

[13] A. CZYLWIK: "Comparison and optimization of antenna concepts for downlink beam-forming", Proceedings of the International Conference on Telecommunications ICT2003, pp. 192-197, Papeete, French Polynesia, 2003.

[14] G. DADASHZADEH, M. BIGUESH AND M. HAKAK: "Computation of the correlationmatrix for the received signal vector on an antenna array in a CDMA cellular system",Proceeding of the 10th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), Tabriz,Iran, May 2002.

[15] G.A. FABRIZIO, A.B. GERSHMAN AND M.D. TURLEY: "Non-stationary interferencecancellation in HF surface wave radar", Proc. Int. Conf. on Radar, pp. 672-677,Adelaide, Australia, Sept. 2003.

[16] A.B. GERSHMAN: "Robustness issues in adaptive beamforming", invited keynote talk,Proc. NATO RTO Symposium on Smart Antennas, Chester, UK, Apr. 2003.

[17] A.B. GERSHMAN AND S. SHAHBAZPANAHI: "Robust blind multiuser detection for syn-chronous CDMA systems", Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoust., Speech and Signal Pro-cessing (ICASSP’03), vol. 5, pp. 53-56, Hong Kong, Apr. 2003.

[18] A.B. GERSHMAN: "Robust adaptive beamforming: an overview of recent trends and ad-vances in the field", invited plenary paper, Int. Conf. on Antenna Theory and Techniques(ICATT’03), Kharkov, Ukraine, Sept. 2003.

[19] A.B. GERSHMAN, Z.-Q. LUO, S. SHAHBAZPANAHI AND S. VOROBYOV: "Robustadaptive beamforming using worst-case performance optimization", in Proc. Thirty-Seventh Annual Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, PacificGrove, CA, Nov. 9-12, 2003 (invited paper).

[20] M. GHARAVI-ALKHANSARI AND A.B. GERSHMAN: "Fast antenna subset selection inwireless MIMO systems", Proceedings of 2003 IEEE International Conference on Acous-tics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2003), vol. 5, pp. 57-60, Hong Kong, April6-10, 2003.

[21] M. GHARAVI-ALKHANSARI AND A.B. GERSHMAN: "Constellation space invarianceof space-time block codes with application to optimal antenna subset selection", in Pro-ceedings of IV IEEE Signal Processing Workshop on Signal Processing Advances inWireless Communications (SPAWC 2003), Rome, Italy, June 15-18, 2003.

[22] M. GHARAVI-ALKHANSARI AND A.B. GERSHMAN: "Constellation space invarianceof space-time block codes with application to optimal ML decoding", in Proceedings ofIEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2003-Fall), Orlando, Florida,Oct. 6-9, 2003.


[23] M. GHARAVI-ALKHANSARI AND A.B. GERSHMAN: "Exact symbol error probabilityof orthogonal space-time block codes", Conference Record of the Thirty-Seventh Asilo-mar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (Asilomar 2003), pp. 1835-1839,Pacific Grove, California, Nov. 9-12, 2003.

[24] M. GHARAVI-ALKHANSARI AND A.B. GERSHMAN: "Performance criterion of space-time codes revisited", Conference Record of the Thirty-Seventh Asilomar Conference onSignals, Systems and Computers (Asilomar 2003), pp. 973-976, Pacific Grove, Califor-nia, Nov. 9-12, 2003.

[25] M. GHARAVI-ALKHANSARI AND A.B. GERSHMAN: "Constellation space invarianceof orthogonal space-time block codes with application to evaluation of the probability oferror", in Proceedings of IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM2003), pp. 1920-1924, San Francisco, California, December 1-5, 2003.

[26] A. HASSANIEN, A.B. GERSHMAN AND M.G. AMIN: "Time-frequency ESPRIT fordirection-of-arrival estimation of chirp signals", Proc. IEEE Sensor Array and Multi-channel Signal Processing Workshop, Rosslyn, VA, Aug. 2002.

[27] L. HÄRING, A.B. GERSHMAN, T. KAISER AND T. SCHOLAND: "Robust beamformingin application to smart antennas for TD-SCDMA communications", Proc. Second JointSymp. on Opto- and Microelectronic Devices and Circuits, Stuttgart, Germany, March2002.

[28] L. HÄRING, B.K. CHALISE AND A. CZYLWIK: "Dynamic system level simulator forW-CDMA with smart antennas", COST 273 TD(03)018, Barcelona, Spain, Jan. 2003.

[29] L. HÄRING AND A. CZYLWIK: "Synchronization in MIMO OFDM systems", Klein-heubacher Berichte 2003, Germany, Oct. 2003.

[30] L. HÄRING, B.K. CHALISE AND A. CZYLWIK: "Dynamic system level simulations ofdownlink beamforming for UMTS FDD", in Globecom 2003, San Francisco, USA, Dec.2003.

[31] L. HUANG, F. GERSEMSKY AND T. KAISER: "Towards a DSP based smart antennasystem", International DSP Conference, Stuttgart, Germany, May 6, 2003.

[32] T. KAISER, A.B. GERSHMAN AND A. CZYLWIK: "Smart Antennas Using Robust Adap-tive Beamforming", Sixth Wireless World Research Forum, London, UK, June 2002.

[33] T. KAISER: “On the usefulness of multiple (smart) antennas for Ultra-Wideband Com-munications", IST Summit, Aveiro, Portugal, June 15-18, 2003.

[34] T. KAISER: “UWB beamforming” Kleinheubacher Tagung, session ”Efficient Commu-nication Systems using Smart Antennas”, Kleinheubach, Germany, Sept. 29-Oct. 2, 2003(invited paper).


[35] T. H. LEE, F. ZHENG AND Q.-G. WANG: "New developments in adaptive and robustcontroller design for uncertain nonlinear systems via fuzzy modelling approach", The5th IASTED International Conference Intelligent Systems and Control, Tsukuba, Japan,Oct. 2-4, 2002.

[36] J. LIU, A.B. GERSHMAN, Z.-Q. LUO AND K.M. WONG: "Adaptive beamforming withsidelobe control using convex second-order cone programming", Proc. IEEE SensorArray and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop, Rosslyn, VA, Aug. 2002.

[37] M. PESAVENTO, A.B. GERSHMAN AND K.M. WONG: "On uniqueness of direction ofarrival estimates using rank reduction estimator (RARE)", Proc. ICASSP’02, pp. 3021-3024, Orlando, FL, May 2002.

[38] C. REXFORT: "Smoke distribution in enclosures including coagulation effects, model-ing and simulation", EUSAS Workshop on ”Propagation and Distribution of Smoke inBuilding”, Vienna, Austria, June 20-21, 2002.

[39] Y. RONG, S.A.VOROBYOV, A.B. GERSHMAN AND N.D. SIDIROPOULOS: "Blind spa-tial signature estimation using time-varying user power loading and parallel factor anal-ysis", Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC’2003 Fall, Orlando, USA,Oct. 4-9, 2003.

[40] Y. RONG, S.A.VOROBYOV, A.B. GERSHMAN AND N.D. SIDIROPOULOS: "Determin-istic Cramer-Rao bound for symmetric PARAFAC model with application to wirelesscommunications", IEEE Int. Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technol-ogy, ISSPIT’2003, Darmstadt, Germany, Dec. 14-17, 2003.

[41] C.M.S. SEE AND A.B. GERSHMAN: "Subspace-based direction finding in partly cali-brated arrays of arbitrary geometry", Proc. ICASSP’02, pp. 3013-3016, Orlando, FL,May 2002.

[42] S. SHAHBAZPANAHI, VALAEE AND A.B. GERSHMAN: "Parametric localization ofmultiple incoherently distributed sources using covariance fitting", Proceedings of IEEESensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop, Washington DC, Aug.2002.

[43] S. SHAHBAZPANAHI, A.B. GERSHMAN, Z-Q. LUO AND K.M. WONG: "Robust adap-tive beamforming for general-rank signal models using worst-case performance opti-mization", in Proceedings of IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal ProcessingWorkshop, Washington, DC, Aug. 2002.

[44] S. SHAHBAZPANAHI, A.B. GERSHMAN, Z-Q. LUO AND K.M. WONG: "Robust adap-tive beamforming using worst-case SINR optimization: a new diagonal loading-type so-lution for general-rank signal models", Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoust., Speech, andSignal Processing (ICASSP’03), vol. 5, pp. 333-336, Hong Kong, Apr. 2003.


[45] S. SHAHBAZPANAHI AND A.B. GERSHMAN: "Robust multiuser CDMA receivers basedon the worst-case performance optimization", Proc. IEEE Workshop on Signal Process-ing Advances in Wireless Applications (SPAWC’03), Rome, Italy, June 2003.

[46] S. SHAHBAZPANAHI, M. BEHESHTI, M. GHARAVI-ALKHANSARI, A.B. GERSHMAN

AND K.M. WONG: "Minimum variance linear receiver for multi-access interference re-jection in a space-time block code based communication system", Conference Record ofthe Thirty-Seventh Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers (Asilomar2003), pp. 1017–1021, Pacific Grove, California, Nov. 9-12, 2003.

[47] M. SHARIF, M. GHARAVI-ALKHANSARI AND B.H. KHALAJ: "New results on thepeak power of OFDM signals based on oversampling", IEEE International Conferenceon Communications (ICC), Proc., vol. 2 pp. 866-871, New York, USA, Apr. 28 - May 2,2002.

[48] H. TANG, A.B. GERSHMAN, K.M. WONG AND S.A. VOROBYOV: "Blind adaptivebeamforming for cyclostationary signals with robustness against cycle freguency mis-match", Proc. IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop, Ross-lyn, VA, Aug. 2002.

[49] S.A. VOROBYOV, A.B. GERSHMAN AND Z.-Q. LUO: "Robust MVDR beamformingusing worst-case performance optimization", Proc. 10th Workshop on Adaptive SensorArray Processing, Lincoln Laboratory, MIT, March 2002.

[50] S.A. VOROBYOV; A.B. GERSHMAN AND Z.-Q. LUO: "Robust adaptive beamformingusing worst-case performance optimization via second-order cone programming", Proc.ICASSP’02, pp. 2901-2904, Orlando, FL, May 2002.

[51] S.A. VOROBYOV; A.B. GERSHMAN AND K.M. WONG: "Direction of arrival estima-tion in sparse arrays in the presence of unknown colored block-correlated noise fields",Proc. IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop, Rosslyn, VA,Aug. 2002.

[52] S.A. VOROBYOV, A.B. GERSHMAN, Z-Q. LUO AND N. MA: "Adaptive beamformingwith joint robustness against signal steering vector errors and interference nonstationar-ity", Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoust., Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP’03), vol.5, pp. 345-348, Hong Kong, Apr. 2003.

[53] I. WILLMS AND M. PANTUS: " A concept for the test of video detectors”, VdS Confer-ence on Videodetection - Sensor Technology for Intrusion Prevention and Fire Detection,Cologne, Germany, May 27-28, 2002.

[54] I. WILLMS: “Inside of the Intrusion Detector Testing System - Concept and Technol-ogy”, EUSAS Workshop on Volumetric Intrusion Detector Testing, Duisburg, Germany,October 9-10, 2003.

[55] I. WILLMS AND M. PANTUS: “Future perspectives”, EUSAS Workshop on VolumetricIntrusion Detector Testing, Duisburg, Germany, October 9-10, 2003.


[56] A. WILZECK AND T. KAISER: "Towards a 4x4 MIMO testbed", IEE DSPenabledradiocolloquium @ISLI, Scotland UK, September 22-23, 2003.

[57] Y. XUE AND T. KAISER: “Adaptive detection of V-BLAST in slowly time-varyingchannels", IEEE Signal Processing Workshop for Advanced Wireless Communications,Rome, Italy, June 15-18, 2003.

[58] Z. ZISAN, N. CHRISTOFFERS, R. KOKOZINSKI AND T. KAISER "Higher Order Statis-tical Modelling and Analysis of Oscillator Phase Noise in RF Front-ends", Second JointSymposium on Optoelectronic Devices and Circuits, Stuttgart, Germany March 10-162002.

[59] F. ZHENG, Q.-G. WANG AND T.H. LEE: "Adaptive control of river pollution prob-lem", Proc. 10th IEEE Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation, Lisbon,Portugal, July 9-12, 2002.

6.4 Oral presentations

Speaker Topic

A. Czylwik “Intelligente Antennen in zellularen Mobilfunksystemen”, Uni-Kolleg, Duisburg, Nov. 27, 2002.

W. Krüll "EN-54 Based Data Gathering in Duisburg", 4th CFVS AdvisoryBoard Meeting at AIRBUS Corp., Bremen, Nov. 7, 2002.

W. Krüll "Comparison of Duisburg and Trauen Data", 4th CFVS AdvisoryBoard Meeting at AIRBUS Corp., Bremen, Nov. 7, 2002.

W. Krüll "Testing at the Universität Duisburg", 5th CFVS Advisory BoardMeeting at AIRBUS Corp., Bremen, Jan. 14, 2003.

57

7 Distinguished lecture series, internal colloquium andworkshops

7.1 Distinguished lecture series

Date Speaker Topic

10.06.02 Prof. Tom LuoUniversity of Minnesota, USA

Uplink capacity of SDMA wireless commu-nication systems using base station antennaarrays.

23.06.02 Prof. Moeness AminVillanova University, USA

Dynamic channel equalization of high-ordersignal constellations.

25.06.02 Prof. Nikos Sidiropoulos Parallel factor analysis.University of Crete, Greece

28.06.02 Prof. Nikos Sidiropoulos Khatri-Rao space-time codes.University of Crete, Greece

02.07.02 Prof. Max WongMcMaster University,Canada

Minimum BER linear precoder for zero-forcing equalization.

04.07.02 Prof. Tom LuoMcMaster University,Canada

Optimal transceiver design for multi-accesscommunication.

09.07.02 Prof. Max WongMcMaster University,Canada

Quasi maximum likelihood multi-user detec-tion.

12.07.02 Prof. Tom LuoMcMaster University,Canada

Achieving near capacity for MIMO wire-less channels using soft quasi-maximum-likelihood detection.

09.08.02 Prof. Arye NehoraiUniversity of Illinoisat Chicago, USA

OFDM channel estimation in the presence ofinterference.

13.09.02 Prof. Tadashi MatsumotoCentre for Wireless Communi-cations TechniquesUniversity of Oulu, Finland

Iterative (turbo) MIMO equalization.

58 7 DISTINGUISHED LECTURES, INTERNAL COLLOQUIUM, WORKSHOPS

Date Speaker Topic

05.11.02 Prof. Abdelhak M. ZoubirCommunications and SignalProcessing Group, CurtinUniversity of Technology,Australia

Multiuser detection in heavy tailed noise.

22.09.03 Prof. K. J. Ray LiuUniversity of Maryland, USA

Towards full diversity in space, time, and fre-quency.

22.09.03 Prof. Martin HaardtTU Ilmenau

Efficient zero-forcing algorithms for downlinkspatial multiplexing in multi-user MIMO sys-tems.

12.12.03 Prof. Nikos SidiropoulosUniversity of Crete, Greece

Low-complexity downlink beamforming formaximum sum capacity.

18.12.03 Prof. Georgios GiannakisUniversity of Minnesota,Minneapolis, USA

MIMO communications with partial channelstate information (CSI).

19.12.03 Prof. Georgios GiannakisUniversity of Minnesota,Minneapolis, USA

Ultra-Wideband Communications:A technology whose time has come.

19.12.03 Prof. Yuri AbromovichAustralian Defence Scienceand Technology Organisation(DSTO), Australia

GLRT-based adaptive asynchronous interfer-ence cancellation: ML-optimal versus regular-ized semi-blind techniques.

22.12.03 Prof. Yuri AbromovichAustralian Defence Scienceand Technology Organisation(DSTO), Australia

GLRT-based detection-estimation of Gaussiansources by antenna arrays.

7.2 Internal colloquium 59

7.2 Internal colloquium

Date Speaker Topic

09.04.02 ShahramShahbazpanahi

Robust adaptive beamforming for higher-rank data mo-dels.

17.04.02 Youssef Dhibi Non-Gaussian random processes:Modelling and generation, (part 1).

24.04.02 Sergiy Vorobyov Robust adaptive beamforming in presence of non- sta-tionary interferers.

08.05.02 Youssef Dhibi Presentation of the proposals for the SmART website.

15.05.02 Andreas Czylwik Downlink beamforming for cellular mobile radio sys-tems, (part 1).

22.05.02 Mehrzad Biguesh Overview of transmit beamforming in cellular commu-nications.

05.06.02 MohammadGharavi-Alkhansari

Links between space-time coding and adaptive beam-forming.

11.06.02 Thomas Kaiser Wolfgang Paul-Award: History, facts and goals.

12.06.02 Youssef Dhibi Non-Gaussian random processes: modelling and gene-ration, (part 2).

19.06.02 Batu Chalise System level performance of a cellular system with adap-tive arrays, (part 1).

03.07.02 Batu Chalise System level performance of a cellular system with adap-tive arrays, (part 2).

10.07.02 Andreas Czylwik Downlink beamforming for cellular mobile radio sys-tems, (part 2) - mobile radio channels.

21.08.02 Keyvan Zarifi Robust multiple user detection.

02.10.02 Claudia Rexfort Modelling and simulation of fire situations.

16.10.02 Yue Rong Blind signal spatial signature estimationusing PARAFAC model.

23.10.02 Martin Berentsen How to estimate the fire location -A practical approach.

06.11.02 Joyee Zhao Video flame detection based on soft computing tech-niques.

20.11.02 Ingolf Willms Testing of video detectors.

04.12.02 Mathias Junk Konzeptentwurf für ein universelles MIMO Mess- undÜbertragungssystem.

11.12.02 Thorsten Kempka Microwaves in fire detection.


Date Speaker Topic

08.01.03 Häring, Chalise Dynamic simulator for WCDMA with smart antenna.

15.01.03 Guojun Yang Fuzzy logic and beamforming.

20.01.03 Dachuan Wang Fire detection using video-analysis.

05.02.03 Sigmar Ries Fast implementation of a chirp beamformer.

24.03.03 Thorsten Schultze Akustische Brandentdeckung.

27.03.03 Thomas Kaiser Ultrawideband Communications: How it works,part 1: Introduction.

30.04.03 Lei Huang Digital signal processing system for smart antennas.

7.05.2003 Mehrzad Biguesh Optimum downlink MIMO channel estimation.

21.05.03 Thomas Kaiser About NESAT.

17.09.03 Thomas Kaiser On UWB beamforming.

01.10.03 Mehrzad Biguesh A Simple and practical direction finding system withmultiple antennas.

08.10.03 David Omoke IEEE 802.11a: Physical layer.

15.10.03 Lars Häring Synchronization in OFDM - Introduction.

22.10.03 Martin Berentsen IEEE 802.11a: MAC layer.

29.10.03 Andreas Wilzeck Test-bed.

12.11.03 Tope Abayomi DSP implementation and benchmarking of algorithmsused in the physical layer of radios for wireless datatransmission.

26.11.03 Thorsten Schultze Untersuchung zur Audio-Video-Branddetektion.

17.12.03 Claudia Rexfort Ein Beitrag zur Modellierung und Simulation in derBrandentdeckung.

7.3 Invited talks 61

7.3 Invited talks

1. Alex B. Gershman, "Direction finding in partly calibrated arrays" ElektrotechnischesKolloquium, Gerhard-Mercator-Universität, Duisburg, May 2002.

2. Alex B. Gershman, "Robust adaptive beamforming using worst-case performance opti-mization", Seminar Mobilkommunikation, Technische Universität Ilmenau, June 2002.

3. Alex B. Gershman, "Smart antenna research team: Advances and challenges", BerlinerOpernpalais, Dinner for Wolfgang Paul Awardees hosted by the Federal Minister of Ed-ucation and Research, Edelgard Bulmahn, July 2002.

4. Alex B. Gershman, "Robust adaptive antennas for sonar applications", DSO NationalLaboratories, Singapore, Jan. 2003

5. Alex B. Gershman, "Robustness issues in adaptive beamforming", keynote address atNATO RTO Symposium on Smart Antennas, Chester, UK, April 2003.

6. Andreas Czylwik, “Research focus on smart antennas at the University Duisburg-Essen", Alexander von Humboldt Workshop, Bonn, April 11, 2003.

7. Thomas Kaiser, “UWB - das drahtlose Übertragungsverfahren der Zukunft?", Elek-trotechnisches Kolloquium, Universität Bremen, Germany, June 25, 2003.

8. Alex B. Gershman, "Robust adaptive beamforming: An overview of recent trends and ad-vances in the field", plenary talk at Int. Conference on Antenna Theory and Techniques,Sevastopol, Ukraine, Sept. 2003.

9. Alex B. Gershman, "Robust adaptive beamfiorming for smart antennas", Technical Uni-versity of Crete, Chania, Crete, Greece, September 2003.

10. Andreas Czylwik,"Intelligente Antennen in zellularen Mobilfunksystemen", invited talkat the ITG meeting FG 3.1.3 “Signalübertragung für elektronische Medien”, Rosenheim,Sept. 10, 2003.

11. Alex B. Gershman, "Robust adaptive beamforming based on worst-case performanceoptimitation: An overview of problems and techniques", invited talk at Asilomar Confer-ence on Signals, Systems, and Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, USA, Nov. 2003.

12. Thomas Kaiser, “UWB & MIMO - does it make sense?”, University of Southern Califor-nia, Los Angeles, California, USA, Dec. 1, 2003.

13. Thomas Kaiser, “UWB & MIMO - does it make sense?” Stanford University, Stanford,California, USA, Dec. 5, 2003.

14. Thomas Kaiser, On UWB Beamforming, University of Rome ”La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy,Dec. 17, 2003.


7.4 Talks invited for “Elektrotechnisches Kolloquium”.

Date Speaker Topic

25.04.02 Prof. Splettstößeru. Pierre MeyerInfineon Techn.

Infineon Technologies AG - Ein Unternehmen imzyklischen Halbleitermarkt.

16.05.02 Dr. W. SchreiberVolkswagen AGWolfsburg

Anwendungen von Augmented Reality - Technolo-gien in der Automobilindustrie.

13.06.02 Dr. M. HammesInfineon Techn.Ratingen

Systemintegrationsaspekte für Bluetooth, Trends undTechnologie.

23.05.02 Prof. A. GershmanNTS-Uni-Duisburg

Robust direction finding in sensor arrays with imper-fections.

27.06.02 Dr. Günther TränkleFerdinand-BraunInstitut fürHochfrequ.-TechnikBerlin

III/V-Halbleiter-Transistoren für Leistungsanwen-dungen im Mikrowellenbereich.

11.07.02 Prof. W. HalangFernuniversitätHagen

Gerätetechnisch unterstützter Schutz von IT-Systemen gegen Viren, Würmer und andere Ein-dringlinge.

18.07.02 Michael BartschUnisys DeutschlandGmBH

Standpunkte in der Diskussion zur elektronischenSignatur.

28.11.02 Dr. Jürgen AbelI.B. Dr. Abel GmbHNeuss

Optimierte Datenkompression auf der Grundlage derBurrows-Wheeler-Transformation (BWT).

12.12.02 Prof. Angelika Heinzel Brennstoffzellen - die Energiewandler der Zukunft.

09.01.03 Dr. A. BourdouxIMEC/DECICS/WISELeuven, Belgium

OFDM-based WLAN: beyond the standards.

28.02.03 Prof. J. Bach AndersenTU DresdenFakultät f. Informatik

Some antenna and propagation aspects of MIMO-systems.

14.04.03 Prof. P. W. BaierUniveritätKaiserslautern

Receiver orientation, an unconventional approach tomobile radio downlink design.

7.4 Talks invited for “Elektrotechnisches Kolloquium”. 63

Date Speaker Topic

15.05.03 Prof. H.J. ChaloupkaBergische UniversitätWuppertal

“Intelligente Antennen” für die Kommunikations-technik, hochfrequenztechnische Aspekte.

20.11.03 Dr. Jürgen SachsTU Ilmenau

Ultrabreitbandtechnik:Prinzipien und Sensoranwendungen.

18.12.03 Prof. Markus RuppTU-Wien, Austria

What Makes Rapid Prototyping Rapid?- The Five Ones Approach.


7.5 Participation of the department in conference organizing activitiesand workshops.

March 1, 2002 IDT-Progress meetingVenue: Hoersholm, DenmarkTopic: Intrusion Detector TestingContribution: organized by Delta Electronics

1 of total 5 presentations

May 29, 2002 1st Cargo Fire Verification System Advisory Board MeetingVenue: DuisburgTopic: Fire detection in cargo baysContribution: organized by Prof. Willms


June 20-21, 2002 EUSAS-WorkshopVenue: Wien/Vienna, Österreich/AustriaTopic: Smoke propagation and smoke control in buildingsContribution: EUSAS chairman Prof. Luck,

organization by Prof. Luck and Prof. Willms in cooperation with“Prüfstelle für Brandschutztechnik des Österreichischen Bundes-feuerwehrverbandes”, Wien/Austria.1 of total 11 presentations

July 9, 2002 2nd Cargo Fire Verification System Advisory Board MeetingVenue: DuisburgTopic: Fire detection in cargo baysContribution: organized by Prof. Willms


Dec. 2, 2002 NESAT Kick-off meetingVenue: DuisburgTopic: NESAT proposal preparationContribution: organized by Dr. Kaiser

Dec 16-17, 2002 EUSAS-WorkshopVenue: Köln/Cologne, Deutschland/GermanyTopic: Automatic fire detection and fire extinguishing systemsContribution: EUSAS chairman Prof. Luck,

organization by VdS in cooperation with Prof. Luck, Prof. Willms

Jan. 10, 2003 NESAT meetingVenue: DuisburgTopic: NESAT proposal preparationContribution: organized by Dr. Kaiser


Feb. 12-14, 2003 NESAT meetingVenue: Rome, ItalyTopic: NESAT proposal preparation

chaired by Dr. Kaiser

March 14, 2003 NESAT meetingVenue: MünchenTopic: NESAT proposal preparation

chaired by Dr. Kaiser

June 16-17, 2003 EUSAS-WorkshopVenue: Rom/Rome, Italien/ItalyTopic: Integrated systems with focus on fire and securityContribution: EUSAS chairman Prof. Luck,

organization by Prof. Luck and Prof. Willms in cooperation withSIEMENS Building Technologies, Italy

Oct. 9-10, 2003 EUSAS-WorkshopVenue: Universität Duisburg-Essen, Deutschland/GermanyTopic: Volumetric intrusion detector testingContribution: EUSAS chairman Prof. Luck,

organization by Prof. Luck and Prof. Willms in cooperation with“SIEMENS Gebäudesicherheit GmbH, München2 of total 8 presentations

Oct. 10, 2003 Smart Antennas-WorkshopVenue: München/Munic, Deutschland/GermanyTopic: Smart AntennasContribution: organized by Dirk Heberling (IMST) and

Thomas Kaiser (Universität Duisburg-Essen)in the framework of the European Microwave Week


Conference organizing activities:

Int. Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT’03), Darmstadt,2003; Technical C-Chair: Alex B. Gershman; member of the Technical Program Committeeand session chair: Andreas Czylwik

Int. Conf. on Acoust., Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2002-2004, Chair ofReviewing Committee in the Sensor Array and Multichannel (SAM) area: Alex B. Gershman

IEEE Workshop on Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing, Sitges, Spain,2003-2004; Technical Committee member: Alex B. Gershman

European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO’04), Vienna, Austria, 2003-2004;Technical Program Committee member: Alex B. Gershman

International Conference on Antenna Theory and Techniques (ICATT’03), Sevastopol,Ukraine, 2003; Technical Committee member: Alex B. Gershman

IEEE Workshop on Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing, Rosslyn, VA, USA,2002; Technical Committee member: Alex B. Gershman

IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Advances for Wireless Communications (SPAWC’03),Rome, Italy, 2003; Session Chair: Alex B. Gershman

International Conference on Antenna Theory and Techniques (ICATT’03), Sevastopol,Ukraine, Sept. 2003; Session Chair: Alex B. Gershman

International Conference on Acoust., Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP’03), HongKong, 2003; Session Chair: Alex B. Gershman

IEEE Workshop on Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing, Rosslyn, VA, USA,2002; Session Chair: Alex B. Gershman

International Conference on Acoust., Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP’02), Orlando,FL, USA, 2002; Session Chair: Alex B. Gershman


Cargo Fire Verification Advisory System Board meetings

Sept. 12, 2002 3th CFVS Advisory Board Meeting in Duisburg (Luck, Willms, Linden,Krüll)

Sept. 17-27, 2002 Tests for GOODRICH Corp. and M.U.T. in the Duisburg Fire DetectionLaboratory (Jeff Shirer, Ingo Bebermeier, Carsten Oldorf)

Oct. 15-24, 2002 Fire tests at "DLR Test Center Trauen" in cooperation with GOODRICHCorp. and M.U.T. (Willms, Krüll)

Nov. 7, 2002 4th CFVS Advisory Board Meeting in Bremen (Willms, Linden, Krüll)

Jan. 14, 2003 5th CFVS Advisory Board Meeting in Bremen (Willms, Krüll)

July 7-18, 2003 Fire and dust tests for GOODRICH Corp. and AIRBUS in the DuisburgFire Detection Laboratory (Jeff Shirer, André Freiling)

68 8 DIPLOMA THESES

8 Diploma theses

Candidate: N’KOUMNGOCK NGINE, PatrickSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. P. LawsCo-supervisor: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. Th. KaiserAttendant: Dipl.-Ing. Y. DhibiTitle: Untersuchungen von additiven impulsiven bzw. nicht-Gauss’schen

KanalstörungenRuntime: 02.10.2001 - 28.03.2002

Candidate: KNIPPING, SvenSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H.I. WillmsCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. LuckAttendant: Dipl.-Ing. M. BerentsenTitle: Alternative Sensoren für die Ortsbestimmung von BrändenRuntime: 11.03.2002 - 11.07.2002

Candidate: WESTERMEIER, FrankSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H.I. WillmsCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. LuckAttendant: Dip.-Ing. Claudis RexfortTitle: Modellierung von GefährdungsbrändenRuntime: 04.04.2002 - 04.10.2002

Candidate: WANG, DachuanSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H.I. WillmsCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. LuckAttendant: -Title: Videosequenz-Analyse zur automatischen Erkennung von FlammenRuntime: 27.03.2002 - 27.09.2002

Candidate: SCHLOßMANN, MarcSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H.I. WillmsCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. P. LawsAttendant: -Title: Entwicklung und Implementierung eines Protokolltesters für

PPP/Multilink-PPP und Ethernet/VLAN unter Windows NTRuntime: 08.07.2002 - 07.01.2003

Candidate: RONG, YueSupervisor: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. Th. Kaiser, Prof. A.B. GershmanCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. CzylwikAttendant: -Title: Blind spatial signature estimation using PARAFAC modelRuntime: 02.07.2002 - 29.10.2002

69

Candidate: OULD, AlySupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H.I. WillmsCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. CzylwikAttendant: -Title: Untersuchung verschiedener Realisierungsmöglichkeiten eines uni-

versellen Viterbi Dekodierers als Logik Modul in einem FPGA unterbesonderer Berücksichtigung der Randbedingungen und der Architek-tur bei dessen Einsatz in einem Mobilfunk Tester

Runtime: 29.10.2002 - 08.05.2003

Candidate: HUANG, LeiSupervisor: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. Th. KaiserCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. CzylwikAttendant: -Title: Ein Signalprozessorsystem für intelligente AntennenRuntime: 20.11.2002 - 11.06.2003

Candidate: WOLTERS, CorvinSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H.I. WillmsCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. P. LawsAttendant: -Title: Entwicklung einer automatischen Messreihenaufnahme mit der Soft-

ware Agilent VEE unter Verwendung der "W24 Controlsoftware"Runtime: 27.11.2002 - 12.05.2003

Candidate MADER, SebastianSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H.I. WillmsCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. P. LawsAttendant: -Title: Entwicklung eines Testsystems zur beschleunigten Erstanalyse von

CMOS-BausteinenRuntime: 11.04.2003 - 28.10.2003

Candidate STEINRÖDER, CarstenSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H.I. WillmsCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. P. LawsAttendant: -Title: Untersuchung und Optimierung eines adaptiven Frequency-Hopping

(AFH) Demonstrators für ein schnurloses Datenkommunikationssys-tems nach Bluetooth Spezifikation 1.2 (BT 1.2)

Runtime: 28.04.2003 - 28.08.2003

Candidate SCHULTZE, ThorstenSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H.I. WillmsCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. LuckAttendant: -Title: Untersuchungen zur Audio-Video-Detektion von offenen BrändenRuntime: 04.04.2003 - 04.10.2003

70 8 DIPLOMA THESES

Candidate JUNK, MatthiasSupervisor: Priv. Doz.. Dr.-Ing. Th. KaiserCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. CzylwikAttendant: -Title: Synchronisation issues in ultra wide band communication networksRuntime: 11.06.2003 -11.12.2003

Candidate MÜLLER, UlrichSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H.I. WillmsCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. LuckAttendant: -Title: Konzeption von Prüfeinrichtungen zur Bestimmung der Ansprech-

schwelle von Multisensorbrandmeldern für Brand- und Nichtbrandsi-tuationen

Runtime: 13.06.2003 - current

Candidate HOHENDORF, CarstenSupervisor: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. Th. KaiserCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. CzylwikAttendant: -Title: An angular diversity scheme for multi-antenna transmission systemsRuntime. 17.06.2003 - current

Candidate LIU, JingbinSupervisor: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. Th. KaiserCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. CzylwikAttendant: -Title: Investigation of linear receiver structures for bluetoothRuntime: 18.06.2003 - current

Candidate ABAYOMI, TopeSupervisor: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. Th. KaiserCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. CzylwikAttendant: -Title: DSP implementations and benchmarking of algorithms used in the

physical layer of radios for wireless data transmissionRuntime: 18.06.2003 - current

Candidate LI, GuodengSupervisor: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. Th. KaiserCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. CzylwikAttendant: -Title: Optimierung der Eingangsverteilung bei gedächtnislosen Kanälen mit

additiver impulsiver bzw. nicht-Gauss’scher KanalstörungRuntime: 30.07.2003 - current

71

Candidate ZHANG, HaishaSupervisor: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. Th. KaiserCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. CzylwikAttendant: -Title: Grenzen der Infrarot-Übertragung: Untersuchung des Einflusses impul-

siver Störungen bei Infrarot-FreiraumübertragungRuntime: 30.07.2003 - current

Candidate JIANG, XufengSupervisor: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. Th. KaiserCo-supervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. CzylwikAttendant: -Title: UWB-Übertragung: Nutzimpuls oder Störimpuls? Untersuchung des

Einflusses impulsiver Störungen bei ultrabreitbandiger ÜbertragungRuntime: 30.07.2003 - current

Candidate TAMGUEFAMDIE, CelestinSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. CzylwikCo-supervisor: Priv.-Doz. Dr.-Ing. Th. KaiserAttendant: -Title: Untersuchung zur Implementierung von V-BLAST unter Verwendung

eines Array-Prozessors XPP 64Runtime: 06.11.2003 - current

72 9 STUDENT REPORTS

9 Student reports

Candidate: FISCHER, HeikeSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. P. LawsAttendant: Dipl.-Ing. Th. KempkaTitle: Implementierung des Perceptual Speech Quality Measure unter MAT-

LABRuntime: 16.11.2001 - 15.02.2002

Candidate: SIATCHOUA, PatriceSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. P. LawsAttendant: Dipl.-Ing. Y. DhibiTitle: Anpassung des Viterbi-Algorithmus auf korrelierte nicht-GAUSS’sche

KanalstörungenRuntime: 22.01.2002 - 22.04.2002

Candidate: SCHULTZE, ThorstenSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H.I. WillmsAttendant: Dipl.-Ing. Thorsten KempkaTitle: Akustische BrandemissionenRuntime: 14.05.2002 - 13.08.2002

Candidate: JUNK, MatthiasSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. CzylwikAttendant: Dipl.-Ing. St. BiederTitle: Konzeptentwurf für ein universelles MIMO (Multiple Input/Multiple

Output) Mess- und ÜbertragungssystemRuntime: 11.07.2002 - 11.10.2002

Candidate: MÜLLER, UlrichSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H.I. WillmsAttendant: -Title: Anwendbarkeit von innovativen Temperatursensoren für die Automa-

tische BrandentdeckungRuntime: 14.11.2002 - 14.02.2003

Candidate: NEDIC, AlexanderSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. H.I. WillmsAttendant: Dipl.-Ing. Claudia RexfortTitle: Untersuchung eines Sensormodells für BrandsensorenRuntime: 03.12. 2002 - 03.03.2003

Candidate: ZHANG, ZhiweiSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. CzylwikAttendant: Dipl.-Ing. L. HäringTitle: Simulation eines OFDM Systems unter MATLABRuntime: 04.06.2003 - 04.09.2003

73

Candidate: ZENG, HaiqingSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. CzylwikAttendant: Dipl.-Ing. St. BiederTitle: Konzeptionierung und Teilimplementierung einer Simulation für eine

Übertragung digitaler Signale in MATLABRuntime: 28.05.2003 - 28.08.2003

Candidate: SCHWIS, MarcSupervisor: Prof. Dr.-Ing. P. LawsAttendant: -Title: Graphische Darstellung der Impulsantworten und Systemfunktionen

digitaler FilterRuntime: 06.11.2003 - current

74 10 VISITORS

10 Visitors

Date Speaker Talk on:

27.06.02 Dr. Armin DekorsyLucent, Nürnberg

“New results on beamforming, power con-trol and multi-user detection”

11.09.03 Dr. Michael SpethInfineon, Düsseldorf

“MIMO OFDM: The inner receiver point ofview”

09.10.03 Prof. Seungwon ChoiHanyang University, Korea

“Performance of smart antenna base stationsimplemented for CDMA 2000”

75

11 Special events

As in the years before, the department again organized pretty excursions into the lovely regionsadjacent to Duisburg:On 24th of July 2002 all members of the department were brought by bus from the department’sbuilding to the village Weeze laying on the banks of river Niers. There, all members entered2-person and 4-person canoes, respectively, and paddled along the river Niers down to the oldtown Goch. After visiting Goch which is still saving its middle ages character, the canoe tripwas continued until the rural village Kessel was reached in the late afternoon. Here, all enjoyeda wonderful barbecue arranged in an old farmer’s pub. A further highlight was a soccer gamebetween our most enthusiastic players. On 8 pm a bus carried the department team back toDuisburg.On 16th of September 2003, a bus took the department team to the town Goch. From there all ofthem hiked along the river Niers and drove on a covered horse-powered wagon through a forestcalled "Reichswald" which is a nature-protected area. After a delicious barbecue arrangedagain in the same old farmer’s pub mentioned above and the mandatory soccer game the teamwas brought back to Duisburg.

Figure 12: Department team short before the start of the excursion.

76 11 SPECIAL EVENTS

Figure 13: Upper: Yue Rong and Dr. Yi Zhao exploring the river NiersLower: Old town hall in Goch.

77

Figure 14: Upper: The champion of the soccer matchLower: Recreation after the match.

78 11 SPECIAL EVENTS

79

12 Curricula vitae of the members of our team

Andreas Czylwik

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Czylwik is head of the Department forCommunication Systems at the University Duisburg-Essen, Ger-many.He studied electrical engineering at the Technical University ofDarmstadt, Germany, from 1978 to 1983. In 1988 he receivedthe Dr.-Ing. degree and in 1994 the Habilitation degree, bothfrom the Technical University of Darmstadt and both in the fieldof optical communications. From 1994 to 2000 he was withthe research and development center (Technologiezentrum) ofDeutsche Telekom in the Department for Local Area BroadbandRadio Systems.

He was in charge of several research projects, e.g. a broadband radio communication demon-strator based on single carrier transmission with frequency domain equalization as well asseveral projects on smart antenna concepts in cellular mobile radio systems.

In 1999 he has been for three months as a visiting researcher with NTT DoCoMo, WirelessLaboratories, Yokosuka, Japan, where he worked on system level simulations of cellular mobileradio systems with smart antennas.

In 2000 he became a full professor at the Technical University of Braunschweig heading theDepartment for Microcellular Radio Systems. Since 2002 he has been with Gerhard MercatorUniversity Duisburg and in charge of the Department for Communication Systems.

He published some 70 papers and was editor for IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communi-cations and IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. His research interests are in thefield of adaptive transmission techniques in radio communications such as smart antennas andadaptive modulation and coding techniques.

80 12 CURRICULA VITAE OF THE MEMBERS OF OUR TEAM

Alex B. Gershman

Alex B. Gershman received his Diploma (M.S.) and Ph.D. de-grees in Radiophysics from the Nizhny Novgorod State Univer-sity, Russia, in 1984 and 1990, respectively.From 1984 to 1989, he was with the Radiotechnical and Radio-physical Institutes, Nizhny Novgorod. From 1989 to 1997, hewas with the Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academyof Science, Nizhny Novgorod, as a Senior Research Scientist.From the summer of 1994 until the beginning of 1995, he was aVisiting Research Fellow at the Swiss Federal Institute of Tech-nology, Lausanne. From 1995 to 1997, he was Alexander vonHumboldt Fellow at Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany.

From 1997 to 1999, he was a Research Associate at the Department of Electrical Engineering,Ruhr University. In 1999, he joined the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada as an Associate Professor where he becamea Full Professor in 2002. Currently, he also holds a Visiting Professorship at the Departmentof Communication Systems, Gerhard-Mercator University and Fraunhofer Institute for Micro-electronic Circuits and Systems, both in Duisburg, Germany. His research interests are in thearea of signal processing and wireless communications and include robust statistical signaland array processing, adaptive beamforming and smart antennas for mobile communications,signal parameter estimation and detection, spectral analysis, MIMO wireless systems, andsignal processing applications to underwater acoustics, wireless communications, seismology,and radar. He has published some 200 peer reviewed papers in these areas and he co-editedthe book “High-Resolution and Robust Signal Processing”, Marcel Dekker, 2003. He is alsoa co-editor of the forthcoming book "Space-Time Processing for MIMO Communications",Wiley, to be published in 2005.

Dr. Gershman was a recipient of the 1993 International Union of Radio Science (URSI) YoungScientist Award, the 1994 Outstanding Young Scientist Presidential Fellowship (Russia), the1994 Swiss Academy of Engineering Science and Branco Weiss Fellowships (Switzerland),and the 1995-1996 Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship (Germany). He received the 2000 Pre-mier Research Excellence Award of Ontario, Canada, and 2001 Wolfgang Paul Award from theAlexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany. He is also a recipient of the 2002 YoungExplorers Prize from the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIAR) which honorsCanada’s top twenty researchers aged forty or under. Since 1999, he has been an AssociateEditor of IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING and a Member of the Sensor Arrayand Multichannel (SAM) Signal Processing Technical Committee of the IEEE Signal Process-ing Society. He is also on editorial board of EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communicationsand Networking. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE. His biography is listed in the most ofWho’s Who editions including Who’s Who in the World, Who’s Who in Science and Engineering,and Who’s Who in America.

81

Mohammad Gharavi-Alkhansari

Mohammad Gharavi-Alkhansari received his B.S. Degree inelectrical and electronics engineering from the University ofTehran, Iran, in 1987. He received the M.S. degree from IowaState University, Ames, Iowa, in 1990, and the Ph.D. degreefrom the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana,Illinois, in 1997, both in electrical engineering.From 1997 to 1998, he was a Postdoctoral research Associateat the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. From 1998 to 1999,he was a Visiting Professor at the University of Tehran, Tehran.From 1999 to 2002, he was an Assistant Professor at TarbiatModarres University, Tehran. In 2002, he joined the Smart An-

tenna Research Team at the Department of Communication Systems, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany. He was also a Visiting Assistant Professor at McMaster University,Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, from September 2002 to March 2003. His interests are in the ar-eas of signal processing, image processing, and communications, and include fast algorithms,source coding, channel coding, and MIMO systems. Dr. Gharavi-Alkhansari is a member ofNew York Academy of Sciences, IEEE, Tau Beta Pi, and Sigma Xi.

Thomas Kaiser

studied electrical engineering from Sept. 1986 to May, 1991and received the diploma degree in Electrical Engineering fromRuhr-Universität Bochum. During that time he has been sup-ported by a scholarship from Friedrich-Ebert Foundation. In Au-gust 1991 he became a research assistent in the department ofcommunications, Gerhard-Mercator-Universität Duisburg, un-der supervision of Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Luck. He earned the PhDdegree in the area of higher order statistics with an application tofire detection in March 1995. In 1995 he received a post doctoralscholarship from the German Academic Exchange Service for aone year sabbatical at the University of Southern California, LosAngeles under supervision of Prof. J. Mendel. He finished his

second PhD degree (Habilitation) in signal theory and signal processing at Gerhard-Mercator-Universität Duisburg in March 2000. From April 2000 to March 2001 he has been head ofthe department of communication systems at Gerhard-Mercator-Universität Duisburg and fromApril 2001 to March 2002 he has been head of the department of wireless chips & systemsat the Fraunhofer Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems. Now he is co-leading theSmart Antenna Research Team at Universität Duisburg-Essen Duisburg. He has published morethan 60 papers in international journals and conferences. He is co-editor of the forthcomingbooks "UWB Communication Systems - A Comprehensive Overview" and "Smart AntennasState-of-the-Art" published by EURASIP book series end of 2004. He is also on the editorialboard of EURASIP Journal of Applied Signal Processing, in the advisory board of a large Eu-ropean multi-antenna project, chaired and co-chaired three special sessions on multi-antennaimplementation issues, and technical programm comittee member of numerous internationalconferences. He is guest editor of the special issues on "Advances in Smart Antennas" and"UWB State-of-the-Art", both published end of 2004 by EURASIP. His current research inter-est is focused on applied signal processing with emphasis on multiple antennas, especially ontheir applicability to ultra-wideband communication systems.


Heinz Luck

Professor em. Dr.-Ing. Heinz Luck is the retired (Prof. emeri-tus) former head of the department "Nachrichtentechnik", which- with his retirement 1999 - has been renamed to "Nachricht-entechnische Systeme". After his studies and promotion (Dr.-Ing.) at the Rhein.-Westfälische Techn. Hochschule Aachen heworked as scientist and head of a research group in this uni-versity til short after his "Habilitation" (1971 at the Faculty ofElectrical and Electronic Engineering, RWTH Aachen). 1972 hewas appointed as a full professor for "Nachrichtentechnik" at thenew founded university in Duisburg. Until 1980 he was found-ing member of the Duisburg university senate and belonged toseveral other university and faculty committees.

In two periods 1974-76 and 1990-92 he was dean of the Electrical & Electronic Faculty atthe Gerhard-Mercator-Universität Duisburg and also for two periods member of the universityboard (1979-81 Prorektor für Struktur u. Haushalt; 1995-99 Prorektor für Forschung u. wis-senschaftlichen Nachwuchs). Referee work for several international journals and in severaldifferent committees, e.g. "Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes" 1971-2001, committee-workin the "Studienreformkommission des Landes NRW" and as a member of the advisory boardsfor the FhG-institutes "Toxicology & Aerosol Research" in Hannover and "Umweltchemie &Oekotoxikologie" in Schmallenberg). Since 1990 he is still chairman of the European scien-tific society EUSAS (European Society for Automatic Alarm Systems). He received the hon-ours of the ITG-award 1966, the EURALRM AWARD (fire) 1994 and was decorated with the"Heinrich-Henne-Medaille" in 2000 for his scientific work in fire research. Prof. Luck’s scien-tific interest covered the areas of signal-detection and processing mainly in automatic securitysystems, besides of general signal detection techniques i.e. detection algorithms in automaticfire detection technology, modeling and simulation for efficiency measures for detection sys-tems; methods for testing automatic fire detection equipment, sytems and installations etc. andinformation and data processing in connection with aerosol (smoke) measurements, i.e. inter-action between aerosols and electric fields as well as computed tomography in aerosoly / smokeusing infrared and ultrasonic signals. In these fields several co-operations with industry, re-search establishments and universities in Europe, Asian countries like Japan and China and inthe US have been established. After his retirement Prof. Luck is still active in teaching andresearch.

83

Peter Laws

Peter Laws, born on August 16, 1939 in Osnabrück, Germany,works as apl. Professor and Academic Director at the Depart-ment of Communication Systems, Gerhard Mercator UniversityDuisburg, Germany. He received his Diplom-Ingenieur degreein Communication Engineering from Technical University ofAachen (RWTH Aachen, Germany) in 1966 and his Dr.-Ing. de-gree from the same university in 1972. Also in 1972, he wasawarded the Borchers Medal Award of the RWTH Aachen forhis outstanding dissertation dealing with transfer characteristicsof the human outer ear and their influence on human sound dis-tance localization. In 1974 he was named Chief Engineer at De-partment of Communication Engineering, Duisburg University.

In the same year, the Nachrichtentechnische Gesellschaft (NTG) Prize 1974 was presented tohim for an outstanding paper on audio communications. In 1983 he was appointed universitylecturer (Privatdozent) and head of the research group "Optoelectronic Signal Processing" ofthe Department Communication Engineering. From Sept. 1985 till Aug. 1986 he worked asHead of the Institute of Applied Optics at the Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany. Since Sept. 1986 he is back at the Department of Communication Engi-neering, Duisburg University, teaching and working on network theory (analog and digital fil-ters) and optoelectronic bus systems, respectively. In 1989 he was named apl. Professor. FromApril 2001 till March 2002 he worked as Head of the Department Communication Systems.He authored and coauthored 37 papers and 5 patents in the field of head-related stereophonicsytems and optoelectronic signal processing.

Hans Ingolf Willms

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Ingolf Willms, born on January 13th, 1951 inKerpen-Buir, Germany, performed his studies in "Technische In-formatik" at the RWTH Aachen. After several months as a re-search assistant at the Rogowski-Institut of the RWTH Aachen,he went in 1977 to the Fachgebiet Nachrichtentechnik of theGerhard-Mercator-Universität Duisburg, where he received in1983 the doctoral degree. In the years 1983 until 1990 he thenwas with the "Draegerwerke AG" in Lübeck, where became thehead of the CAD/CAE department. In spring 1990 he was ap-pointed as a university professor in the area of information en-gineering and since that time he is with the Gerhard-Mercator-Universität Duisburg.

During his career he won two awards. In 1977 he won the Thoma-Award of the "VDE-Bezirksverein Aachen" and in 1984 he received the yearly award of the "Gesellschaft der Fre-unde der Universität Duisburg". Since 1996 he is member of the Executive Committee of theEuropean Society for Automatic Alarm Systems (EUSAS) and is now the Executive Represen-tative of that society.Concerning the scientific work his interests are in the fields of both automatic fire detectionand automatic intrusion detection. So in the last years the scientific work mainly covered thefollowing topics: Volumetric techniques for smoke density measurements, analysis and elabo-ration of test methods for video fire detectors, fire detection in aircraft cargo bays, elaborationof test methods and systems for the type testing of volumetric intrusion detectors.


Ayman Abdel-Samad

Ayman Abdel-Samad received the B.Sc. and the M.Sc. degreesin Electronics and Communication Engineering from Cairo Uni-versity, Giza, Egypt in 1992 and 1995 respectively. From Au-gust 1996 to February 2001 he was with the University of Min-nesota, Minneapolis, where he received the Ph.D. in Electricaland Computer Engineering. From March 2001 to February 2002he joined BOPS, Inc., Chapel Hill, North Carolina as a memberof technical staff, where he was involved in designing DSP al-gorithms for broadband wireless LANs. Since August 2002 hehas been with the Gerhard-Mercator University, Duisburg, Ger-many as a Postdoctoral Researcher in the Smart Antenna Re-search Team. From November 2002 to March 2003 he has been

with McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, as a visiting researcher. His research field isin signal processing for communications.

Martin Berentsen

Research Assistant, was born 1966 in Duisburg, Germany. Afterfinishing an industrial Education to a communication electronicstechnician he was company employee till 1990 at Siemens AG,Essen, in the field of security systems and process computing.During his studies at the Duisburg University he improved hispractical experience in this area at Brenzel BeschallungstechnikGmbH. He got his Dipl.-Ing. diploma in electrical engineeringin 1997. In 1998 he joined the team of Prof. Willms, workingon a European project for intrusion detector testing (IDT). Inthe last two years he worked on automatic fire detection. Hisspecial areas of interests are signal processors, micro controllers,sensors and electronics.

Stefan Bieder

Stefan Bieder, Research Assistant at the Department of Commu-nication Systems, Gerhard Mercator University Duisburg, Ger-many received his Diplom-Ingenieur degree in CommunicationEngineering from Gerhard Mercator University Duisburg, Ger-many in 2001. The topic of his diploma thesis was the de-velopment and verification of GSM-transmitters for far fieldmeasurement of mobile phone antennas. Since 2002 he is re-search assistant at the Department of Communication Systems.He gives exercises in Information Engineering 2 (Coding The-ory) and Nachrichtentechnik 2 (Analog and Digital Modulation).From 2002 he is a member of SmART (Smart Antenna ResearchTeam).

Presently, he works on the development of a universal MIMO measurement system for thefrequency bands of Hiperlan/2 (IEEE 802.11a) and UMTS.

85

Mehrzad Biguesh

Mehrzad Biguesh was born in Shiraz Iran. Received the B.Sc.degree in electronics engineering from Shiraz University in1991, the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in telecommunications (withhonors) from Sharif University of Technology (SUT) in 1994and 2000, respectively. While doing his Ph.D. he was a lecturerin SUT, Guilan University and Noshahr University of MarineSciences and Technology. During Nov. 1998 - Aug. 1999 he waswith INRS-Télécommunications, Université du Québec, Canadaas a doctoral trainee. From 1999-2001 he was cooperating withIran Telecom Research Center (ITRC) and during 2000-2001 hewas with Electronics Research Center of SUT.Since March 2002 he is as a guest researcher in the Department

of Communication Systems of the Universität Duisburg-Essen. His research interests includearray signal processing, radar systems and wireless communications.

Barbara Brox

1964 born in Gelsenkirchen1984 Abitur (general qualification for

university entrance)1984 - 1986 full-time vocational schoolgraduation: "Staatlich geprüfte Physikalisch-technische

Assistentin"since 1986 Technical assistant at the Department

for Communication Systems

Christiane Buchholz

Christiane Buchholz was born in Duisburg 1979. She stud-ied "Technomathematik" from 1998 to 2003 at the UniversityDuisburg-Essen and received her diploma in October 2003.The title of the diploma thesis was "Frequenzplanung in GSM-Netzen". Since November 2003 she is working as research assis-tant (Ph.D. student) in the Department of Communication Sys-tems at the University Duisburg-Essen. Her research domain isultra wide band communications.


Dietmar Busch

Dietmar Busch was born in Duisburg in 1946.1963 Mittlere Reife (intermediate high school).1963-1966 Education as ”Radio- und Fernsehtechniker”.1968 1. PALcolor-TV-Workshop at TELEFUNKEN, Hannover.1971 2. PALcolor-TV-Workshop at TELEFUNKEN, Hannover.1972 Succesful examination as ”Radio- und Fernsehtechniker-Meister”.1966-1980 ”Radio- und Fernsehtechniker at AEG-TELE-FUNKEN” Duisburg/Essen.1981-1982 Teacher for ”Fernsehtechnik” at the ”Handwerks-kammer Düsseldorf”.1983-Now Work as technical assistant at the department.

Batu Krishna Chalise

Batu Krishna Chalise received his B.E. Bachelor of Engineer-ing degree in electronics from the Institute of Engineering, Trib-huvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal in 1998. He obtained hisM.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Gerhard MercatorUniversity, Duisburg, Germany in 2001 with specialisation ininformation and communication engineering. Presently, he isworking as a research assistant (PhD Student) at the Departmentof Communication Systems, Gerhard Mercator University un-der supervision of Prof. Dr. Andreas Czylwik. His researchinterests include array processing for wireless communications,system level aspects of cellular networks and channel modellingfor smart antennas.

Youssef Dhibi

Youssef Dhibi was born in Tunisia 1975. He studied of electri-cal engineering from 1995 to 2000 at the Duisburg Universityand received there his diploma on September 2000. The titleof the diploma thesis was "Taktsynchronisierung mit Statistikenhöherer Ordnung". Since September 2000 he is working as re-search assistant (PhD student) in the Department of Communi-cation Systems at the University Duisburg-Essen. His researchdomain is impulsive noise.

87

Lars Häring

was born in Essen, Germany, in 1976. In 2001, he received hisDipl.-Ing. degree (with highest honors) in electrical engineer-ing from the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Germany. In 2001, hejoined Infineon Technologies AG, Düsseldorf, Germany, wherehe was engaged in the concept engineering for UMTS. He startedworking towards his Ph.D. at the Institute of MicroelectronicCircuits and Systems, Duisburg, Germany, in 2001. In 2002,he continued his work in the field of smart antennas as a re-search assistant at the Gerhard-Mercator University, Duisburg,Germany. His research area includes array signal processingwith focus on synchronization and channel estimation in mul-tiuser MIMO OFDM systems.

In 2001, he received the price for the best diploma thesis from the Ruhr-University of Bochum.

Petra Hötger

was born and educated in Duisburg ("Abitur" / "A" Level)- studies of Romance languages and literature (French and Span-ish) at Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf- graduated as bilingual secretary for English and French by theChamber of Trade and Commerce, Düsseldorf- since January 1998 working in the Department of Communica-tion Systems.

Thorsten Kempka

Research assistant, was born on 26. August 1973 in Gladbeck,Germany. After finishing his industrial education to a commu-nication electronics technician at Deutsche Telekom, he studiedelectrical engineering at the Gerhard-Mercator University Duis-burg. He received his Dipl.-Ing. degree in 2000 with the diplomathesis “Speechcoding with high order statistics”. In 2000 hejoined the Department of Communication Systems and since thattime he works on microwave radiation in automatic fire detec-tion.


Wolfgang Krüll

was born on June 18th, 1952 in Düsseldorf, Germany. Afterhis education to an electrician at the Rheinstahl Giesserei AG inMülheim an der Ruhr and one year at the College of Further Ed-ucation (Fachoberschule für Technik) in Mülheim an der Ruhrhe studied electrical engineering at the Gerhard-Mercator- Uni-versität Duisburg. He got his Dipl.-Ing. degree in 1975. SinceNovember 1975 he works as a technical assistant at the Gerhard-Mercator-Universität Duisburg in the communicatin systems de-partment. From 1975 to 1995 he had an additional occupation asa lecturer for the Volkshochschule Duisburg, from 1980 to 1990an additional occupation as a lecture for Siemens AG, Duisburg.Now he works as a technical assistant, with about fourteen years

of experience in workings in the Duisburg Fire Detection Laboratory in the departments’ firedetection group.

Oliver Linden

Oliver Linden was born 1969 in Aachen, Germany. In 1998 hefinished his studies at the department "Fire and Explosion Pro-tection" at Wuppertal University. His special subject of investi-gation was the usability of gas sensors for fire detection. Afterhaving finished his studies Dr. Linden started to work as a re-search assistant at Wuppertal University. His task was to supportthe testing institute VdS at developing, building up and testinga test procedure for gas sensor based fire detectors. In Febru-ary 2003 Dr. Linden finished his Ph.D. on this subject. Since2001 he is employed at Duisburg University. In February 2003he received his Ph.D. degree from Wuppertal University with thesubject: Development of test methods for fire detectors with gas

sensors. His current task is to build up a test bench for multi-sensor fire detectors. He fur-thermore supports different projects in the field of fire detection.

89

David Omoke

David Omoke received the Bachelor of Engineering degree inelectronic engineering from the University of Nigeria, Nsukkawith first class honors in 1998. After graduation, he worked withNigerian Telecom as a research engineer before joining Exxon-Mobil Corporation as an electronic engineer. On Nokia GmbHsponsorship, he received a Master of Science degree in Com-puter Science and Communication Engineering from Universityof Duisburg-Essen, Germany in 2002. From April 2002 to May2003, he worked with the Software Competence Group, NokiaNetworks, Düsseldorf. And from June 2003 he has been work-ing with the SmART team of the Department of CommunicationSystems, University of Duisburg-Essen as a Ph.D. student.

His research interests lie broadly in digital signal processing algorithms implementation andadaptive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation schemes.

Pascalis Ligdas

Pascalis Ligdas received the diploma degree in electrical engi-neering from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT),Greece, in 1990. After graduation he spent one year as a gradu-ate research assistant in the signal processing laboratory at AUT.From 1991 to 1997 he was with the University of Maryland, Col-lege Park, MD, where he received the M.S. degree and the PhDdegree, both in electrical engineering, in 1993 and 1997, respec-tively. During that period he held appointments as a researchand/or teaching assistant in the same university. In the summerof 1997 he spent an internship with AT&T Research Labs, Mur-ray Hill, NJ.In 1998 he joined the Wireless Information Networks Laboratory

(WINLAB), Rutgers University, NJ, as a postdoctoral research associate. He returned to Greecein 1999, where he worked as a freelance engineer till 2002. In November 2002 he joined theUniversity of Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany, as a visiting researcher in the smart antennas re-search group. His research interests lie in the areas of signal processing and optimization forwireless communication systems.


Claudia RexfortResearch assistant, was born at the 7th of October 1972 in Ober-hausen, Rheinland. She studied electrical engineering at theGerhard-Mercator-University in Duisburg from 1992 to 1998,getting her diploma in communication engineering. During herdiploma studies she worked on Neural Networks and Fuzzy Sys-tems in the automatic fire detection. Afterwards she joined theresearch group leaded by Prof. I. Willms working on intrusiondetector testing (IDT) at the Department for Communications.Since 1998 she works in the field of automatic fire detection withspecial interest in modeling of fires, fire sensors and sensor sig-nals. From October to December 2001 she joined the NationalInstitute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Maryland, USA

as a guest researcher to work on the problem of simulating fires.

Yue Rong

Yue RONG was born in 1976 in Jiangsu, China. He obtained hisBachelor of Engineering degree from Shanghai Jiao Tong Uni-versity, Shanghai, China, in 1999, majored in electrical machin-ery, electrical apparatus & control. He received a second Bach-elor of Engineering degree from Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai, China, in 1999, majored in computer & application.In 2002, he received his Master of Science degree in computerscience and communication engineering from Gerhard-MercatorUniversity Duisburg, Duisburg, Germany. Now he is workingtowards his Ph.D degree in Gerhard-Mercator University Duis-burg. He was awarded with the fellowship of "DAAD/ABB-Graduate Sponsoring ASIA 2001".

From Apr. 2001 to Apr. 2002, he worked as a student research assistant in Fraunhofer-InstituteIMS, Duisburg. From Oct. 2001 to Mar. 2002, he worked with the ASIC design department ofNokia Co., Ltd., Bochum, Germany.His research interests are in the area of signal processing for communications, multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) communication, space time coding, orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM), multi-user detection and signal signature estimation.

91

Thorsten Schultze

Thorsten R.P. Schultze was born on June 1st 1978 in São Paulo,Brazil. 1997 he did his "Abitur" at the Porto Seguro School.After his industrial training at Siemens he went in June 1998to Germany, to study electrical engineering at the Universityof Duisburg. During his studies he worked as trainee at HWUElectronics. In August 2002 he wrote a student research project(Studienarbeit) on "Acoustical emissions of fires". In October2003 he finished his diploma thesis (Diplomarbeit) on "Audioand video detection of open fires".

Shahram Shahbazpanahi

Shahram Shahbazpanahi was born in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran.He received the B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees from SharifUniversity of Technology, Tehran, Iran, in 1992, 1994, and2001, respectively, all in electrical engineering. From Septem-ber 1994 to September 1996, he was a faculty member with theDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Razi University, Kerman-shah, Iran. Since July 2001, he has been conducting researchas a postdoctoral fellow with the Department of Electrical andComputer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON,Canada. Since March 2002, he is a visiting researcher at the De-partment of Communication Systems, Gerhard-Mercator Uni-versity, Duisburg, Germany.

His research interests include statistical and array signal processing, space-time adaptive pro-cessing, detection and estimation, smart antennas, spread spectrum techniques, as well as DSPprogramming and hardware/real-time software design for telecommunication systems.


Rainer Siebel

Rainer Siebel, born in Febr., 1943 received after school, appren-ticeship, half a year industrial practices and 3 years studies atthe “Staatliche Ingenieurschule für Maschienenwesen” in Dort-mund, Germany in 1965 his grad. Ing. degree with the recom-mendation for a further university study.From Oct. 1965 until Sept. 1966 he worked at Telefunken A.G.in Ulm in the field of RADAR-digitalization.From Oct. 1966 he continued his studies in electrical engi-neering at the RWTH-Aachen, Germany, where he received theDipl.-Ing. degree in July 1971. From Febr. 1972 until Febr.1973 he joined the Communication Engineering Department atthe RWTH-Aachen as a research scientist in the research group

for “Automatic Fire Detection”.In Febr. 1973 he became the first appointed Research Scientist in the Electrical & ElectronicEngineeering Department of the new founded University in Duisburg and contributed for afew years to the planning of the faculty. He became “Akademischer Rat” in July 1974 and“Akademischer Oberrat” in July 1977. His main tasks are besides organizational work for thedepartment and lecturing assistance the organization, management and co-working on researchprojects in the field of automatic fire detection.

Werner Stoppok

Werner Stoppok was born 1951 in Duisburg, Germany. After hiseducation to an electrician (Meß- und Regelmechaniker, 1968)at the Bayer AG in Krefeld, he studied electrical engineering atthe "Fachschule für Technik der Stadt Krefeld" (1974). Subse-quently, he visited the Gesamthochschule Duisburg, where hestudied electrical engineering. Since 1978 he works as a techni-cal assistant at the Department of Communication Systems.

93

Sergij Vorobyov

Sergiy A. Vorobyov (Member of IEEE starting from 2002) wasborn in Ukraine in 1972. He received the M.Sc. and Ph.D. de-grees in systems and control from Kharkov National Universityof Radioelectronics (KNURE) in 1994 and 1997, respectively.From 1995 to 2000 he was with the Control Systems ResearchLaboratory at KNURE, where he became a senior research sci-entist in 1999. From 1999 to 2001 he was with the Brain ScienceInstitute, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan, as a research scientist. He iscurrently with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engi-neering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, as a post-doctoral fellow. In 1996 and 2002, respectively, he held short-time visiting appointments at the Institute of Applied Com-

puter Science, Karlsruhe, and Gerhard-Mercator University, Duisburg, both in Germany. Hecontinued his visit at Duisburg University in 2003. His research interests include control, sta-tistical array signal processing, blind source separation, and robust adaptive beamforming. Dr.Vorobyov was a recipient of the 1996-1998 Outstanding Young Scientist Fellowship of theUkrainian Cabinet of Ministers, the 1996 and 1997 Young Scientist Research Grants from theGeorge Soros Foundation, and the 1999 DAAD Young Scientist Fellowship (Germany).

Dachuan Wang

Dachuan Wang was born on 07.10.1974.1993-1997 Bachelor study, Department of Radio Engineering,South-East University, China.1998-2002 Master study, international studies in engineering,computer science and communications engineering at UniversityDuisburg-Essen.2003-present Research in video fire detection and light scatteringof smoke particles, at the Department of Communication Sys-tems.


Andreas Wilzeck

was born in Oberhausen Rheinland, Germany, in 1975. He re-ceived the Dipl.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering from theGerhard Mercator University Duisburg, Germany, in 2002. In2003, he joined the Smart Antenna Research Team (SmART),Duisburg, and is now pursuing the Ph.D. degree at the Depart-ment of Communication Systems at the University of Duisburg-Essen. Presently, he is developing a real-time test-bed forOFDM-based multiple antenna systems. His research focuseson the implementation, the design and the test of multiple an-tenna algorithms under real conditions and scenarios. In 2003Mr. Wilzeck received an award for his excellent diploma thesisfrom University of Duisburg-Essen.

Topic of his diploma thesis was: "Design and implementation of tap-delay-tracking and in-terpolation methods for rake receivers on a digital signal processor".

Yisheng Xue

Yisheng Xue was born in 1970. He received his Bachelor’s de-gree, Master’s degree and the Ph.D degree in 1994, 1998 and2002, all in electronic engineering from Tsinghua University, P.R. China. He is currently a visiting researcher at the Departmentof Communication Systems at the University Duisburg-Essen inDuisburg, Germany. His research interest is mainly on signalprocessing of multiple-input multiple-output communications.

Keyvan Zarifi

Received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees in electrical engineer-ing from University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, in 1997 and 2000,respectively. From January 2002, he started his Ph.D. degreein the Smart Antenna Research Team (SmART) hosted by Ger-hard Mercator University of Duisburg and Fraunhofer Instituteof Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Duisburg, Germany.From September 2002 to March 2003, he was a Visiting Scholarin McMaster University, Ontario, Canada. From 1997 to 2001,he was in contact with industry in Iran as a technical designer,maintenance, research and development engineer, and technicalsupervisor. His general research interests include applications ofsignal processing and optimization theory in wireless communi-cations.

95

Yi Zhao

Yi Zhao received in 2001 the Ph.D. degree in pattern recogni-tion and intelligent systems from Shanghai Jiaotong University,China. Before joining the Department of Communication Sys-tems, she worked at Philips Research East Asia, Shanghai Lab.Since November 2001, she has been with the “Lehrgebiet Infor-mationstechnik” at the “Fernuniversität Hagen”, where she wasengaged in the research of knowledge discovery and data miningand has published several papers.Currently, Dr. Zhao is aiming at video processing for fire detec-tion and smoke detection in the Department of CommunicationSystems.

Feng Zheng

Feng Zheng was born in 1963 in China. He received the B.Sc.and M.Sc. degrees in 1984 and 1987, respectively, both in elec-trical engineering from Xidian University, Xi’an, China, and thePh.D. degree in automatic control in 1993 from Beijing Univer-sity of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing, China. He is theco-recipient of several awards, including the National NaturalScience Award in 1999 from the Chinese government, the Sci-ence and Technology Achievement Award in 1997 from the StateEducation Commission of China, and the SICE Best Paper Prizein 1994 from the Society of Instrument and Control Engineeringof Japan at the 33rd SICE Annual Conference, Tokyo, Japan.

He was granted an Alexander von Humboldt Research Fellowship by Alexander von HumboldtFoundation during 1999-2000.

96 13 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

13 Acknowledgements

The Department of Communication Systems would like to express special thanks to the fol-lowing institutions:

� The main sponsor during the last two years was the Alexander von Humboldt Foundationwhich funded the group of Prof. Gershman by the Wolfgang Paul Award.

� Several projects have been funded by DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).

� A project has been funded by the European Union.

� We received a donation of a broadband wireless ATM test system from T-Systems, Darm-stadt (Dr. Kadel).

� We received WLAN RF converters from ATMEL, Duisburg.

� We obtained various support from the rectorate as well as the administration of the Uni-versity of Duisburg, especially related to the integration of the Wolfgang Paul group.

� We received a donation from Xilinx Inc.

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