Asymptomatische Gefäßsklerose: Bedeutung und therpeutische ...€¦ · Lp-PLA2 Studies...

Post on 09-Nov-2020

5 views 0 download

Transcript of Asymptomatische Gefäßsklerose: Bedeutung und therpeutische ...€¦ · Lp-PLA2 Studies...

www.epc-checkup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Asymptomatische Gefäßsklerose:

Bedeutung und therpeutische

Konsequenz

Chiemgauer Kardiologietage 2018

Gut Ising

22. – 23. September 2018

Prof. Dr. med. Uwe Nixdorff, F.E.S.C.Internist, Kardiologe, Sportmediziner

EPC GmbH - European Prevention Center,

Düsseldorf / Berlin / München / Hamburg

www.epccheckup.de

Hanako GmbH, München

www.hanako-health.com

Universitätsklinikum Erlangen-Nürnberg

Conflict of Interest - Disclosure

I, Uwe Nixdorff DO NOT have a financial

interest/arrangement or affiliation with one or

more organizations that could be perceived as a

real or apparent conflict of interest in the context

of the subject of this presentation.

3

Subklinische Atherosklerose

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Atherosclerosis is asystemic inflammatory

disease

„Men is as old as his vessels“

Dr. Thomas Sydenham, 1650

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

“Atherosclerosis is clearly an

inflammatory disease and does

not result simply from the

accumulation of lipids”

Atherosclerosis–an inflammatory disease. Ross R. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(2):115–126

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Das epidemiologische Paradoxon

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

2016 E

SC

Gu

idelin

es

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

European Guidelines on CV Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice

Eur Heart J 2016; 37:2315-81

Präklinische AtheroskleroseMozaffarin D, et al. Circulation 2008; 117:3031-8

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Greenland. Circulation 2001

Plaque-Vorkommen, Stenosegrad und Komplikation nach Plaque-Progression

Naghavi M, et al. Circulation 2003;108:1664-72

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Pathophysiologie des MI

Falk E, et al. Circulation 1995.

68%

18%14%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

<50% 50%-70% >70%

Läsion % Stenose

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

76%

24%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Rupture-prone

plaque

Severe Stenosis

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

Kolodgie F, et al. ATVB 2006.

Typ der “culprit lesion”

Akuter Myokardinfarkt Plötzlicher Herztod

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

www.epc-checkup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Kommt der

Herzinfarkt aus heiterem Himmel?

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Diagnostik der koronaren AtheroskleroseErbel R, Budoff M. Eur Heart J 2012; 33:1201-17

State-of-the-Art Imaging the Plaque

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Kardiale Mehrschicht-ComputertomographieEPC Check-Up eines 56-jährigen asymptomatischen Individuums

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Coronares Calcium-Scoring(CCAC)

Coronarangiographie (CCTA)MPR = multiplanare Rekonstruktion

Coronarangiographie (CCTA)MIP = maximale Intensitäts-projektion

Coronar-angio-graphie(CCTA)VR = VolumeRendering

Kardiale Mehrschicht-ComputertomographieEPC Check-Up eines 56-jährigen asymptomatischen Individuums

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Kardiale Mehrschicht-ComputertomographieEPC Check-Up eines 56-jährigen asymptomatischen Individuums

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Kardiale Mehrschicht-ComputertomographieEPC Check-Up eines 56-jährigen asymptomatischen Individuums

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Kardiale Mehrschicht-ComputertomographieEPC Check-Up eines 56-jährigen asymptomatischen Individuums

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Kardiale Mehrschicht-ComputertomographieEPC Check-Up eines 56-jährigen asymptomatischen Individuums

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Kardiale Mehrschicht-ComputertomographieEPC Check-Up eines 56-jährigen asymptomatischen Individuums

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

European Guidelines on CV Disease Preventionin Clinical Practice Eur Heart J 2012; 33:1635-1701

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

European Guidelines on CV Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice

Eur Heart J 2016; 37:2315-81

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Vulnerable Plaque?

Early Plaque with Lipid Pool

Thick Cap with Small Necrotic Lipid Core

“Stable Plaque”

Thin Cap “Rupture-Prone”

Plaque

Ruptured Plaque with Thrombus

in LumenAdapted from Kolodgie F, et al. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006.

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Lipid core

Lumen

Fibrous cap

▪ Low Lp-PLA2 content▪ May have significant stenosis▪ Thick fibrous cap / high collagen content▪ Small lipid pool▪ Few inflammatory cells

▪ High Lp-PLA2 content ▪ May have minimal stenosis▪ Thin fibrous cap / low collagen content▪ Large lipid pool▪ Many inflammatory cells

Lumen

Stable Plaque Ruptured Plaque

Stabile vs. Rupturierte PlaqueHistopathologische Charakteristika

Adapted from Corson MA et al. Am J Cardiol 2008; 101[suppl]:41F-50F.

Thrombus

Lipid Pool

Lp-LA2

Oxidized LDL

AdhesionMolecules

Foam Cell

Macrophage

Cytokines

Fibrous Cap

Formation der vulnerablen Plaque

Lerman A et al. Am J Cardiol 2008; 101[suppl]:11F-22F.

Der Unterschied zwischen Paris (France) und Paris (Texas)

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Visceral Fat and ConsequencesVan Kruijsdijk RC, et al. Cancer Epidemiol

Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:2569–78

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Cardiometabolisches Syndrom:Atherosklerose und Inflammation

White MG, et al. Diabetes Care 2016; 371:2237-92

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

JUPITER TrialAm J Cardiol 2010, 106:204-9

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

2010 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Adults

Circulation 2010; 122:e584-e636

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

EDUCATE: Lp-PLA2 & Carotid Ultrasound Are Complementary Predictors of CAD & CV Events

McHugh VL et al. AHA Epi Meeting Abstract 2006

32 month follow-up: 253 men < 55 & women < 65 after coronary angiography+ Carotid ultrasound defined a > 1mm IMT in bulb or focal plaque in the main body or bulb

Hazard Ratio for

> 50% Coronary Stenosis

2,3

4,1

0

2

4

6

8

10

Hazard Ratio for

Death, MI & Stroke

3,1

9,1

0

2

4

6

8

10

+ Carotid UltrasoundP = 0.055

+ Carotid Ultrasound &Lp-PLA2 Top QuartileP = 0.001

+ Carotid UltrasoundP = 0.159

+ Carotid Ultrasound &Lp-PLA2 Top QuartileP = 0.053

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Copyright 2011 diaDexus, Inc. All rights reserved.

Lp-PLA2 Studies CollaborationThe Lp-PLA2 Studies Collaboration, Lancet 2010; 375: 1536–44

Figure 4: Adjusted risk ratios for coronary heart disease per 1 SD higher baseline Lp-PLA2 activity, mass, and several conventional risk factors in a common set of participants – a fraction of the full study.

79,036 Participants in 32 Prospective Studies

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

CANTOS TrialRidker PM, et al.

N Engl J Med 2017; August 27

• Canakinumab = monoklonalerAntikörper gegen Interleukin 1β

• n = 10.061 MI-Patienten• High sensitive CRP ≥ 2 mg/dL• 3 Dosen: 50; 150 und 300 mg gegen

Placebo, appliziert s.c. alle 3 Monate

• Endpunkt: nonfataler MI, nonfatalerStroke oder kardiovaskulärer Tod

CANTOS TrialRidker PM, et al. N Engl J Med 2017; August 27

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

NEJM 2018; Sept. 16

ASPREE: Effect of Aspirin on Disability-free Survival in the Healthy Elderly

McNeil JJ; et al., NEJM 2018; Sept. 16

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Kom

bin

iert

er

Endp

unkt:

•Tod jeglic

her

Urs

ache

•D

em

en

z•

Pers

istiere

nde

physic

alabili

ty

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

ASPREE: Effect of Aspirin on Disability-free Survival in the Healthy Elderly

McNeil JJ; et al., NEJM 2018; Sept. 16

ARRIVE (Aspirin to Reduce Risk of Initial Vascular Events)

Gaziano JM, et al. Lancet 2018; Aug 24 [Epub ahead of print]

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

ARRIVE (Aspirin to Reduce Risk of Initial Vascular Events)

Gaziano JM, et al. Lancet 2018; Aug 24 [Epub ahead of print]

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

ARRIVE (Aspirin to Reduce Risk of Initial Vascular Events)

Gaziano JM, et al. Lancet 2018; Aug 24 [Epub ahead of print]

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

ARRIVE (Aspirin to Reduce Risk of Initial Vascular Events)

Gaziano JM, et al. Lancet 2018; Aug 24 [Epub ahead of print]

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

European Guidelines on CV Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice

Eur Heart J 2016; 37:2315-81

Erreichtes LDL-Cholesterin und Atherom-Regression (IVUS-Studien)

Puri R, et al. Am Heart J. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.01.019.

2

1

0

–1

–2

–3

Me

dia

n C

ha

ng

e in

PA

V (

%)

Average On-Treatment LDL-C (mg/dL)40 60 80 100 120

REVERSALPravastatin

REVERSALAtorvastatin

CAMELOTPlacebo

STRADIVARIUSPlacebo

ILLUSTRATEAtorvastatin

SATURNAtorvastatin

SATURNRosuvastatin

ASTEROIDRosuvastatin

GLAGOVEvolocumab

PAV = percentage atheroma volume

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

• Statine• Antithrombozytika• Antihypertensiva• HDL-C erhöhende Subst.• Niacin/Nikotinsäure• Phospholipase Inhibitoren• PCSK9• siRNAs gegen apoB100

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Saturated fat does not clog the arteries: coronary heart disease is a chronic inflammatory condition, the risk of which can be

effectively reduced from healthy lifestyle interventionsAseem Malhotra, et al. BMJ 2017; April 26

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Antiinflammatorische Wirkung von marinen Omega-3-FettsäurenMozaffarin D, et al. JACC 2011; 58:2047-67

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

25-Hydroxyvitamin D: MI-RisikoGiovannucci E, et al. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168:1174-80

Nested case-control study: Health Professional FU Studyn = 18.225 Männer: 454 Myokardinfarkte vs. 900 Kontrollen

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

www.epc-checkup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

Metaanalyse Alkokolkonsum und kardiovaskulärer Outcome

Ronksley P, et al. BMJ 2011; 342:d671

Inflammationsmarker der Atherosklerose

Estruch R, et al. Atherosclerosis 2004; 175:117-23

BEFORE AFTER

hs-CRP (mg/L) 1.63 +/- 0.97 1.28 +/- 1.02*

Fibrinogen (g/dL) 0.26 +/- 0.06 0.23 +/- 0.06*

VCAM (ng/mL) 457 +/- 164 381 +/- 164*

ICAM-1 (ng/mL) 320 +/- 107 291 +/- 105*

IL-1 alpha (pg/mL) 51 +/- 33 41 +/- 37*

*p<0.05

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

■ Atherosklerose ist eine systemische, inflammatorische

Erkrankung.

■ Meiste MI entstehen auf Basis flacher, vulnerabler, da

inflammatorischer Plaques, daher ohne Prodromi.

Symptomatik unzureichender Prädiktor (in 50% 1.

Symptom = Tod).

■ 90% der kardialen Ereignisse sind vermeidbar

(INTERHEART 2007); 80% der klassischen RF sind

Lebensstil-vermittelt: Bewegung, Ernährung,

Entspannung (Stressmedizin); alle indirekt

antiinflammatorisch wirksam.

Zusammenfassung I

www.epccheckup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTER

■ Evidenz der Statintherapie unabhängig von

Symptomatik.

■ ASS bleibt an relevante Atherosklerose gebunden,

keine ubiquitäre Primärprävention (ESC 2018)

■ Antiinflammatorische Prävention im direkteren

Sinne: Omega-3-Fettsäuren; Vitamin D;

moderater Alkoholkonsum.

■ Eine antinflammatorische Pharmakotherapie der

Atherosklerose ist reelle Zukunft (Cantos 2017).

Zusammenfassung II

www.epc-checkup.de EUROPEAN PREVENTION CENTERModifiziert nach Jim Dine: „Die Welt“, 1972

HERZ-lichen Dank

für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit