SECOND GENERATION BIOFUELS WORKSHOP: Cape Town, … · Research in Bio-fuels in Bavaria SECOND...

www.evt.cbi.uni-erlangen.de Department Chemie- und Bioingenieurwesen (CBI) Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Karl

Regional Leaders Summit, RLS Energy Network, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014

Jürgen Karl

Lehrstuhl für Energieverfahrenstechnik

Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg

Research in Bio-fuels

in Bavaria

SECOND GENERATION BIOFUELS WORKSHOP:

Exploring technical cooperation among Regional Leaders

Cape Town, Western Cape (ZA), 12 March 2014

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 2

1. The Role of Biofuels for Germanys “Energiewende”

Situation of Europe’s gas supply

Gaps to fill by means of Biofuel

2. State-of-the-art of Biofuels and Second Generation Fuels

• Methanation of Biomass

• Other synthetic Energy Carriers

• Key Technologies for Second Generation Fuels

3. Hydrogen and Second Generation Fuels in Bavaria

• Gasification Research (Biomass Heatpipe Reformer)

• Bavarian Hydrogen Center (BHC)

• Hydrogen and Methanation projects at the

Chair of Energy Process Engineering

4. Research Needs and Opportunities

• Outline for a Joint Research program

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 3

1. The Role of Biofuels for Germanys

“Energiewende” • Situation of Europe’s gas supply

• Gaps to fill by means of Biofuel

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 4

Upcoming Role of Biofuels in the Energy sector

• …have to substitute fossile fuels in order to improve security-of-supply

Biofuels… Role of Biofuels

Folie 5

Estimated natural gas reserves

Turkmenistan

2025 Russia

Russia

Turkmenistan

Norway

Algeria Tunesia Egypt

Ukraine

Uzbekistan Kasakhsta

Situation of Europe’s

gas supply

• Reserves-to-production ration is

8 years for Europe and 10 years

for the USA (status 2012)

• Europe will depend completely

on Russian natural gas supplies

Folie 6

gas supply

• Reserves-to-production ration is

8 years for Europe and 10 years

for the USA (status 2012)

• Europe will depend completely

on Russian natural gas supplies

Gasprom

Folie 7

Gasprom

• Substitution of natural gas with

Biomass

• Methanation makes Biomass

transportable

• Biomass may be used

in urban areas with high

efficiency due to favorable

conditions for CHP and

without fine dust

emissions

Possible Solution

gas supply

Folie 8

gas supply

• Substitution of natural gas with

Biomass

• Methanation makes Biomass

transportable

• Biomass may be used

in urban areas with high

efficiency due to favorable

conditions for CHP and

without fine dust

emissions

Possible Solution

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 9

• …have to substitute fossil fuels in order to improve security-of-supply

• … shall back-up increasing shares of wind and photovoltaics (PV) with highest flexibility

Biofuels… Role of Biofuels

Folie 10

Power Production

15.07.

16.07.

17.07.

18.07.

19.07.

20.07.

21.07.2013

Hydro Nuclear

lignite

bituminous

Natural

A Summer Week

in Germany…

up to 30 GW

Renewables

still > 50 GW

fossile and nuclear

for baseload

• Renewables cover 25% of Germanys power production

• Increasing the share of wind and PV requires affordable and

most flexible back-up capacities…

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 11

• …have to substitute fossil fuels in order to improve security-of-supply

• … shall back-up increasing shares of wind and photovoltaics (PV) with highest flexibility

Biofuels…

• … have to use existing infrastructures

and storage capacities

Reference: pumped storage

hydro power stations

in Germany

40 GWh 1 Mio. electrical vehicles

10 GWh

Natural gas grid

2170 GWh

Liquid fuel

2500 GWh

Quelle: M.Specht, Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung mit

Biomasse, Augsburg, 10.03.2010

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 12

2. State-of-the-art of

Biofuels and Second Generation Fuels

Methanation of Biomass

Other synthetic Energy Carriers

Key Technologies for Second Generation Fuels

Technologies

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 13

Substitute Natural Gas

• Production of synthetic „natural gas" from

biomass ("Methanation")

hydrogen

hydrogenation H2O,

CO2, … + 3 +

2. Step:

Methanation

CO CH4

1. Step:

Thermal

gasification

CO + 3 H2 CHxOy + H2O (Biomass)

+ CO2, H2O, etc. gasification

Examples for

Second Generation Fuels: Technologies

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 14

Examples for

Second Generation Fuels:

4 H2 CO2 CH4 + + 2 H2O

2,2 H2 CO + Biomass-to-Liquid (BtL)

Carbazol

further examples: hydrogen, alcohols, ammonia…

+ heat

• „Polygeneration“ is

particularly interesting…

3 H2 CO CH4 + syngas

Substitute Natural Gas (SNG)

Dimethylether (DME)

CH3-O-CH3

+ 2 H2O 4 H2 2 CO

snygas

„synthetic fuels“

„energy carriers“

Technologies

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 15

Key Technologies for

Second Generation Fuels:

1. Gasification

• Syngas production

• Hydrogen production

Biomass

2. Gas cleaning

• Syngas cleaning

•Particle removal

•Desulphurization

• Tar scrubbing

•Conditioning

stochiometry and

excess steam

•…

3. Synthesis

• Synthesis

Catalytic

synthesis

with defined

pressure and

temperature

Second

Generation

Fuel Raw gas

Syngas

Technologies

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 16

3. Hydrogen and Second Generation Fuels

in Bavaria

Gasification Research (Biomass Heatpipe Reformer)

Bavarian Hydrogen Center (BHC)

Hydrogen and Methanation projects at the

Chair of Energy Process Engineering

Bavarian Projects

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 17

Gas cleaning CO2

Sequestration Synthesis

Thermal

gasification

(Reforming)

Thermal

gasification

(Reforming)

24261,037,1 6575,03425,03525,0 COCHOOCH with autothermal

oxygen gasification

Process chain for Second Generation Fuels

24261,037,1 48125,051875,03525,0 COCHOHOCH with allothermal

steam gasification

1. Option: oxygen

2. Option: steam

Reaction equation for the methanation of

biomass: (CH1,37O0,61)

Bavarian Projects

Folie 18

Gasification

Technologies

• Dual Fluidized Bed gasification

• Applied for biomass only

• Small- and medium-scale plants

• Entrained flow,

fixed bed-,

fluidized bed

gasification

• Large-scale plants

Oxygen gasification

gasification

Biomass HKW

Güssing, AT

Agnion

Heatpipe-Reformer,

Pfaffenhofen, D

Sasolburg factury Quelle: www.sasol.com

SNG-Anlage, CPI Xinjiang Energy Co.

Ltd, Yili City Xingjiang, China,

8 x 500 MW Siemens SFG-500 coal

gasifier, comissioning 2014

Folie 19

syngas

reformer

pressure

vessel

combustion

chamber

heat pipes

Karl, J., Biomass heat pipe reformer—design and performance of an indirectly heated

steam gasifier Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery: Volume 4, Issue 1 (2014), P 1-14

500 kW agnion

Heatpipe-Reformer pilot

reformer

combustor

fluidized bed

combustion

fluidized bed

gasification

„heat pipes“

Folie 20

reformer

combustor

Performance of the 500 kW agnion

Folie 21

tar concentration

1.5 - 2 g/Nm³

0 20 40 60 80 100

char conversion rate char in %

2.5 - 7 g/Nm³

Performance of the 500 kW agnion

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 22

• Reaction equation for the methanation of

24261,037,1 6575,03425,03525,0 COCHOOCH

steam gasification

with autothermal

oxygen gasification

Thermische

Vergasung

(Reformierung) Gasreinigung

Sequestration Synthese

Thermal

gasification

(Reforming)

(Factor 2,5!)

Gas cleaning Synthesis

… 0,92 CO2 per CH4

… 2,25 CO2 per CH4 Bavarian Projects

Folie 23

EU Project

CO2freeSNG Objectives

• Substitute Natural Gas from Lignite (catalyst

screenings, raw gas cleaning, process

integration)

• Basic design 50 MW Heatpipe-Reformer

with integrated sequestration of CO2

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 24

Thermal

gasification

(Reforming) Gas cleaning

• Reaction equation for the methanation of

24261,037,1 6575,03425,03525,0 COCHOOCH

steam gasification

with autothermal

oxygen gasification

Hydrogen

production

Bavarian Projects

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 25

Bavarian Hydrogen Center

• BHC focuses on the efficient production, storage and

utilization of renewable hydrogen

• so-called “liquid hydrogen

carriers” (liquid organic hydrogen

carrier – LOHC , i.e. Carbazol)

store large amounts of hydrogen

without losses at ambient conditions.

Bavarian Projects

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 26

Carbazol

• BHC focuses on the efficient production, storage and

utilization of renewable hydrogen

• so-called “liquid hydrogen

carriers” (liquid organic hydrogen

carrier – LOHC , i.e. Carbazol)

store large amounts of hydrogen

without losses at ambient conditions.

• a functional storage facility

will be revealed as part of

a demonstration system

Bavarian Projects

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 27

Work package

„Production of Hydrogen“

• Heatpipe-Reformer 2.0 @ EVT with

in-situ hydrogen separation

CO, CO2, H2O etc. H2 biomass

hydrogen permeable

membrane (z.B.

porous filter tube

Bavarian Projects

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 28

4. Research Needs and Opportunities

Outline for a Joint Research program

Opportunities

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 29

Opportunities Biomass

Natural

family

Hydrogen

Partial

Reforming

biological

Methanation

Fermentation

CO2 –

separation

Process

Gas production Gas cleaning methanation Gas-

conditioning

State-of-the-art Research

Elektrolysis

Thermo-

chemical

gasification

separation

Catalytic

Methanation

„Biomethan“

„Power-to-

Gas“ up to

Syngas-

cleaning

Syngas/

town gas

„Substitute

Natural

Gas“(SNG)

„Power-to-

Hydrogen“

Research needs for Biofuels in the Energy sector (example: methanation)

• there are many technologies and route options still to be developed

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 30

Do we need another joint

research program?

If there‘s a gap between academic research and public policies…

• … do academics fail to comply with public needs?

• … do policy makers fail to comply with scientific insights realizations?

What is needed to gap bridges? Communication

Opportunities

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 31

Opportunities

Policy makers favorite type of

communication

„We have to faciliate

the dating process…“

Scientists favorite type of

communication

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 32

Policy makers favorite type of

communication

Scientists

communication 2.0

Opportunities

Role of Biofuels

Technologies

Bavarian Projects

Opportunities

Conclusion

Folie 33

Expected outcome: • Scientific exchange and gain of knowledge

• Lasting personal links between scientists and regions

• Sustainable ond ongoing communication

• New concepts and arguments for policy makers …

Scientists

communication 3.0

Proposal for a Joint Research Program:

• each partner region should finance 1-2

PhD student for three years

• each PhD student shall stay 36 month at

his own university and 2 x 3 months at

an University of a partner region

• all students/instructors should meet once

a year in order to communicate…

Conclusion

SECOND GENERATION BIOFUELS WORKSHOP: Cape Town, … · Research in Bio-fuels in Bavaria SECOND...

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