1

Competition Law: European Community

Competition Law: European Community Practice and Procedure

Article-by-Article Commen ta ry

This work is adapted from an English translation of Münchner Kommentar zum Europäischen Wettbewerbsrecht, published by

C.H. Beck Verlag, Munich, Germany

1st edition

GENERAL EDITORS

Prof Dr Günther Hirsch President of the German Federal Supreme Court

f Dr Frank Montag

— Partner at Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer, Brussels

Prof Dr Dr Dr he Franz Jürgen Säcker Professor at Free University of Berlin

CONSULTANT EDITORS

Dr Philip Marsden Rob Murray

L O N D O N SWEET & MAXWELL

2008

TABLE OF C O N T E N T S

P A R T 1: I N T R O D U C T I O N

A. Basic Principles

I. Legal foundations of compet i t ion law 1 Prof Dr Dr Dr he Franz Jürgen Säcker

II. The relationship between compet i t ion law and unfair compet i t ion law 15 PrqfDr Dr Dr he Franz Jürgen Säcker

III. Compet i t ion and Regulat ion Law 20 PrqfDr Dr Dr he Franz Jürgen Säcker

IV. The relationship between compet i t ion law and intangible proper ty law 35 Prof Dr Dr Dr he Franz Jürgen Säcker

V. The application of compet i t ion law to collective labour law agreements 66 ProfDr Dr Dr he Franz Jürgen Säcker

VI. The relationship between compet i t ion law and social law 72 ProfDr Dr Dr he Franz Jürgen Säcker

Ч Ьпв B. Centralised and Decentralised Application of EC Compet i t ion Law in Relation to National Law 83 Dr Wolfgang Kirchhoff

C. Application of the European Compet i t ion Law in the EEA 98 Holger Dieckmann LL.M (Harvard)

D . International Aspects 107 Georg Roebling

E. Agreements between the EC and n o n - M e m b e r States 132 Georg Roebling

г!ээйЗ wfkl liviD }B OH (£^18 э Ы л А "Н F. Material, Tempora l and Geographic Scope of Application of Compet i t ion Law 172 Prof Dr Anton К Schnyder LL.M

G. Economic Principles of Compet i t ion Law 202 Prof Dr Wolfgang Kerber and Prof Dr Ulrich Schwalbe

H. Economic Analysis of the Concept of "Significant Imped iment to Effective C o m p e t i t i o n " 393 Dr Andreas Strohm (Economist)

xxiv Table of Contents

I. The Concept of the Under taking 407 Dr Marco Herrmann and Prof Dr Dr Dr he Franz Jürgen Säcker

J. Market Definition 434 Dr Jens Fuller

siißbnuol fsgoJ .1 P A R T 2: ARTICLES 81 -86 OF THE E C T R E A T Y AND B L O C K E X E M P T I O N

REGULATIONS ihünu b n s

I. Article 81 EC

A: Ant i -Compet i t ive Practices (agreements, decisions,

Prof Dr Marian Paschke J

bite wel srfT ,VI B: Horizonta l Restraints of Compet i t ion gneiri 492 Dr Hanno Wollmann

С: Vertical Restraints 526 Ass Im Jochen Ehlers (Wiss. Mit.)

D : Changes to the Structure of Undertakings stai 539 Prof Dr Petra Pohlmann

•

E. Ant i -Compet i t ive and Pro-Compet i t ive Elements of an Agreement ("per se ru les" and "ru le of reason") 609 Dr Alexander Motte, LL.M (Cambridge) and Prof Dr Dr Dr he Franz

Jürgen Säcker

F: Effect on Trade Between Member States 629 Dr Wolfgang Kirchhoff . . , . "

G: Exempt ions from the Compet i t ion Prohibi t ion (Article 81(3) of the Treaty) 649 Ass Iur Jochen Ehlers (Wiss. Mit.) »ewlad zln;

H : Article 81(2) E C & Civil Law Effects 675 Jörgjaecks LL.M (Cornell) and ProfDr Dr Dr he Franz Jürgen Säcker

•

IL Block Exemption Regulations

A: Commiss ion Regulat ion N o . 2790/1999 on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty to categories of vertical agreements and concerted practices * 754 Ass Iur Jochen Ehlers (Wiss. Mit.)

Table of Contents xxv

В: Commiss ion Regulat ion N o . 1400/2002 on the application of Article 81(3) to categories of vertical agreements and concerted practices in the m o t o r vehicle sector 792 Dr Rainer Becker

C: Commiss ion Regulat ion N o . 2659/2000 on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty to categories of research and development agreements 849 Prof Dr Peter Chrocziel and Moritz Graf von Merveldt LL.M

D : Commiss ion Regulat ion N o . 2658/2000 on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty to categories of specialisation agreements 892 Dr Sven Völcker

aHjlo £' ohß3/fqq/i J э Ы л А E: Commiss ion Regulat ion N o . 772/2004 on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty to categories of technology transfer agreements 917 Andreas Rohling

F: Commiss ion Regulat ion N o . 358/2003 on the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty to certain categories of agreements , decisions and concerted practices in the insurance sector 1025 ProfDr Harald Herrmann 8Yct п о к г т ж ю Э эхЙЭо ? i swo4 *> эЬЬхА.

III. Articles 82-86 EC ЭП1 1 Q gsbhodLtufi nojJi teqmoa sxfr .lo z iawo4 с эЬЬтА

Article 82 >JBJ2 гэв 1056 Prof Dr Thomas Eilmansberger MAES (Brugge) bbsbil

Article 83 1240 Barbara Rapp-fung

Article 84 1254 Barbara Rapp-Jung

Article 85 1228 Barbara Rapp-Jung

Article 86 1262

Prof Dr Jörg Gundel

О g n i b n i l 01 'i'

P A R T 3 : APPLICABILITY OF THE E U R O P E A N C O M P E T I T I O N L A W T O SPECIAL A R E A S

. , • -s Competition Law Enforcement in Regulated Sectors

A. Telecommunicat ions and Energy 1327 Robert Klotz lohtbö

xxvi

В. Insurance sector Dr Holder Stappert

C. Transpor t (Inland, Tania Schröter

D . Agriculture Dr Michael Erhart

Table of Contents

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P A R T 4: C O U N C I L REGULATION N O . 1 /2003 O N THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE R U L E S O N C O M P E T I T I O N LAID DOWN IN ARTICLES 81 AND 82

OF THE T R E A T Y •

Article 1 Application of Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty 1510 Dr Ulf Böge and Dr Andreas Bardong LL.M

»ioirtA Article 2 Burden of p roof 1523 Dr Ulf Böge and Dr Andreas Bardong LL.M

Article 3 Relationship between Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty and national compet i t ion laws 1534 Dr Ulf Böge and Dr Andreas Bardong LL.M

пэН ЫмьН Article 4 Powers of the Commiss ion 1578 Dr Michael Bauer

Ъ%-*& гэЬ'йчК .111 Article 5 Powers of the compet i t ion authorities of the Member States 1579 Dr Michael Bauer

Article 6 Powers of the national courts 1584 Dr Michael Bauer

Article 7 Finding and terminat ion of infringement 1585 Dr Michael Bauer

Article 8 Inter im measures 1598 Dr Michael Bauer

Article 9 C o m m i t m e n t s 1604 Dr Michael Bauer

Article 10 Finding of inapplicability 1614 Dr Michael Bauer

Article 11 Cooperat ion between the Commiss ion and the compet i t ion authorities of the Member States 1621 Dr Andreas Bardong LL.M

Article 12 Exchange of information 1661 Dr Andreas Bardong LL.M

Table of Contents xxvii

Article 13 Suspension or terminat ion of proceedings 1693 Hans-Helmut Schneider

Article 14 Advisory Commi t t ee 1702 Hans-Helmut Schneider

Article 15 Co-operat ion with national judicial authorities 1717 Joetg Nothdurft

Article 16 Uniform application of C o m m u n i t y compet i t ion law 1728 Hans-Helmut Schneider

Article 17 Investigations into sectors of the economy and investigations into types of agreements 1742 Dr Alf-Henrik Bischke

Article 18 Requests for information 1745 Dr Alf-Henrik Bischke

Article 19 Power to take statements 1750 Dr Alf-Henrik Bischke

Article 20 The Commiss ion 's powers of inspection 1753 Dr Alf-Henrik Bischke

Article 21 Inspection of other premises 1763 Dr Alf-Henrik Bischke o&&£ .z§nib99DOtq Article 22 Investigations by compet i t ion authorities of Member States 1766 Dr Alf-Henrik Bischke

Article 23 Fines 1768 Dr Felix Engelsing and Hans-Helmut Schneider tohi

Article 24 Periodic penalty payments 1811 Hans-Helmut Schneider

Article 25 Limitat ion periods for the imposi t ion of penalties 1821 Christoph Arhold

'jxirtsmm to i eJirml Article 26 Limitation per iod for the enforcement of penalties 1830 Christoph Arhold

Articles 27—45 Hearings and professional secrecy 1832 Dr Alf-Henrik Bischke

Commiss ion Notice on immun i ty from fines and reduct ion of fines in cartel cases (Leniency Notice) Dr Tobias Klose

'

xxviii Table of Contents

agmba^: щгиё €1 э! P A R T 5: M E R G E R C O N T R O L REGULATION

EC Merger Regulat ion (ECMR) (Council Regulat ion N o . 139/2004 on the control of concentrat ions between undertakings)

Fundamentals of European Merger Control 1893 Dr Oliver Koch

Article 1 Scope 1900 Dr Oliver Koch

Article 2 Appraisal of concentrations 1947 Dr Frank Montag and Dr Andreas von Bönin, LL/M

& ' • ' 9q f i oint znotlKgiizavm Article 3 Definition of concentrat ion 2122 Dr Thomas W. Wessely and Anne C. Wegner, LL.M (European University Institute)

Article 4 Pr ior notification of concentrat ions and pre-notification referral at the request of the notifying parties 2172 Prof Dr Dirk Schroeder

щ г 'пакгЬгипоЭ sdT 0£ с Article 5 Calculation of turnover 2204 Dr Thomas W. Wessely

Article 6 Examinat ion of the notification and initiation of proceedings 2226 Ulrich von Koppenfels

Article 7 Suspension of concentrat ions 2239 Dr Thomas W. Wessely

г э т Ч t£ э! Article 8 Powers of decision of the Commiss ion 2260 Ulrich von Koppenfels

ЬопэЧ ^£ т' Article 9 Referral to the compe ten t authorities of the Member States 2298 Annette Luise Schild

Article 10 T i m e limits for initiating proceedings and for decisions 2332 Dr Stefan Ohlhoff LL.M. (London) and Dr Oliver Fleischmann LL.M. ' *0' o iq bfiR идппвэН ?fc-Y£ ass

Article 11 Requests for information 2345 Dr Stefan Ohlhoff LL.M. (London) and Dr Oliver Fleischmann LL.M. (Chicago)

Article 12 Inspections by the authorities of the Member States 2358 Dr Stefan Ohlhoff LL.M. (London) and Dr Oliver Fleischmann LL.M. (Chicago)

Table of Contents xxix

Article 13 The Commiss ion 's powers of inspection 2360 Dr Stefan Ohlhoff LL.M. (London) and Dr Oliver Fleischmann LL.M. (Chicago)

Article 14 Fines 2367 Dr Stefan Ohlhoff LL.M. (London) and Dr Oliver Fleischmann LL.M. (Chicago)

Article 15 Periodic penalty payments 2376 Dr Stefan Ohlhoff LL.M. (London) and Dr Oliver Fleischmann LL.M.

Article 16 Review by the Cour t of Justice 2378 Dr Stefan Ohlhoff LL.M. (London) and Dr Oliver Fleischmann LL.M. (Chicago)

Article 17 Professional secrecy 2382 Dr Stefan Ohlhoff LL.M. (London) and Dr Oliver Fleischmann LL.M. (Chicago)

Article 18 Hearing of the parties and of third persons 2391 Dr Stefan Ohlhoff LL.M. (London) and Dr Oliver Fleischmann LL.M. (Chicago)

Article 19 Liaison with the authorities of the Member States 2714 Dr Stefan Ohlhoff LL.M. (London) and Dr Oliver Fleischmann LL.M. (Chicago)

Article 20 Publication of decisions 2423 Dr Stefan Ohlhoff LL.M. (London) and Dr Oliver Fleischmann LL.M. (Chicago)

Article 21 Application of the Regulat ion and jurisdict ion 2426 Annette Luise Schild

Article 22 Referral to the Commiss ion 2444 Annette Luise Schild

Article 23 Implement ing provisions 2463 Dr Helmut Bergmann and Dr Andreas Hahn

Article 24 Relations with third countries 2465 Dr Helmut Bergmann and Dr Andreas Hahn

Article 25 Repeal 2466 Dr Helmut Bergmann and Dr Andreas Hahn

Article 26 Entry into force and transitional provisions 2467 Dr Helmut Bergmann and Dr Andreas Hahn

A. International merger control 2468 Dr Helmut Bergmann and Dr Andreas Hahn

xxx Table of Contents

В. Merger Control in Selected Third Countries 2516 Dr Helmut Bergmann and Dr Andreas Hahn

P A R T 6: E U R O P E A N C O U R T P R O C E D U R E S (CFI AND ECJ)

Proceedings Before the European Courts in Compet i t ion and State Aid Cases 2535 Prof Dr Carl Baudenbacher and Dr Dirk Buschle

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