)U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh...

16
3. Frühe Hochkulturen. )UKH +RFKNXOWXUHQ

Transcript of )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh...

Page 1: )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh 9huehvvhuxqjhq 'lh ehghxwhqgvwh zdu glh (lqi kuxqj ghu 7|sihuvfkhleh 6lh huohlfkwhuwh glh +huvwhooxqj

3. Frühe Hochkulturen.

���)U�KH�+RFKNXOWXUHQ

Page 2: )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh 9huehvvhuxqjhq 'lh ehghxwhqgvwh zdu glh (lqi kuxqj ghu 7|sihuvfkhleh 6lh huohlfkwhuwh glh +huvwhooxqj

3. Frühe Hochkulturen.

Page 3: )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh 9huehvvhuxqjhq 'lh ehghxwhqgvwh zdu glh (lqi kuxqj ghu 7|sihuvfkhleh 6lh huohlfkwhuwh glh +huvwhooxqj

3. Frühe Hochkulturen.

+RFKNXOWXUHQ�HQWVWHKHQ���:DV�lQGHUWH�VLFK"�

,P����-DKUWDXVHQG�YRU�&KULVWXV�lQGHUWH�VLFK�GDV�.OLPD��(V�UHJQHWH�ZHQLJHU��GDGXUFK�WURFNQHWHQ�GLH�)O�VVH�DXV�XQG�YLHOH�*HELHWH�ZXUGHQ�]X�:�VWHQ��

1XU�JUR�H�6WU|PH��JUR�H�)O�VVH��ZLH�1LO��(XSKUDW�XQG�7LJULV��,QGXV��*DQJHV�XQG�+RDQJKR�KDWWHQ�WURW]GHP�QRFK�LPPHU�YLHO�:DVVHU��=X�EHVWLPPWHQ�=HLWHQ�I�KUWHQ�GLHVH�)O�VVH�+RFKZDVVHU�XQG��EHUVFKZHPPWHQ�GDV�XPOLHJHQGH�/DQG��

'LH�DQ�GLHVHQ�)O�VVHQ�HQWVWDQGHQHQ�.XOWXUHQ�QHQQW�PDQ�+RFKNXOWXUHQ��

Page 4: )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh 9huehvvhuxqjhq 'lh ehghxwhqgvwh zdu glh (lqi kuxqj ghu 7|sihuvfkhleh 6lh huohlfkwhuwh glh +huvwhooxqj

3. Frühe Hochkulturen.

*HPHLQVDPH�0HUNPDOH�YRQ�+RFKNXOWXUHQ��

x *HPHLQVFKDIWHQx 6WlGWHx +DQGHOx %HZlVVHUXQJx +DQGZHUNx 6FKULIW

x JUR�HV�5HLFKx Herrscherx JU|�HUH�6WlGWH���Hauptstadt x 5HOLJLRQx (UIROJ�LP�.ULHJ�x große Flüsse x Handelx Schrift

Page 5: )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh 9huehvvhuxqjhq 'lh ehghxwhqgvwh zdu glh (lqi kuxqj ghu 7|sihuvfkhleh 6lh huohlfkwhuwh glh +huvwhooxqj

3. Frühe Hochkulturen.

$Q�GHQ�JUR�HQ�)O�VVHQ��]�%��1LO��*DQJHV��,QGXV������ELOGHWHQ�VLFK�+RFKNXOWXUHQ��*HPHLQVDPH�0HUNPDOH�ZDUHQ��%HZlVVHUXQJVDQODJHQ��1HXHUXQJHQ�LP�+DQGZHUN��6WlGWH��+DQGHO�XQG�6FKULIW��

���)U�KH�+RFKNXOWXUHQ

Page 6: )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh 9huehvvhuxqjhq 'lh ehghxwhqgvwh zdu glh (lqi kuxqj ghu 7|sihuvfkhleh 6lh huohlfkwhuwh glh +huvwhooxqj

3. Frühe Hochkulturen.

1HXH�/HEHQVZHLVHQ

%HZlVVHUXQJVDQODJHQ

8P��EHUOHEHQ�]X�N|QQHQ��]RJHQ�GLH�%HZRKQHU�LQ�GDV�/DQG�DQ�GLHVHQ�JUR�HQ�)O�VVHQ��6LH�OHEWHQ�GRUW�DXI�HQJHP�5DXP�]XVDPPHQ��*HPHLQVDP�QXW]WHQ�VLH�GDV�:DVVHU�GHU�)O�VVH�XQG�EDXWHQ�%HZlVVHUXQJVDQODJHQ��GDPLW�LKUH�)HOGHU�JHQ�JHQG�:DVVHU�KDWWHQ��

Page 7: )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh 9huehvvhuxqjhq 'lh ehghxwhqgvwh zdu glh (lqi kuxqj ghu 7|sihuvfkhleh 6lh huohlfkwhuwh glh +huvwhooxqj

3. Frühe Hochkulturen.

1HXHUXQJHQ�LP�+DQGZHUN�

,P�+DQGZHUN�JDE�HV�YLHOH�9HUEHVVHUXQJHQ��'LH�EHGHXWHQGVWH�ZDU�GLH�(LQI�KUXQJ�GHU�7|SIHUVFKHLEH��6LH�HUOHLFKWHUWH�GLH�+HUVWHOOXQJ�YRQ�*HIl�HQ�ZLH�]�%��YRQ�.U�JHQ��9DVHQ�XQG�6FK�VVHOQ��

Page 8: )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh 9huehvvhuxqjhq 'lh ehghxwhqgvwh zdu glh (lqi kuxqj ghu 7|sihuvfkhleh 6lh huohlfkwhuwh glh +huvwhooxqj

3. Frühe Hochkulturen.

*HPHLQVFKDIWHQ�HQWVWHKHQ

1XU�GXUFK�GLH�=XVDPPHQDUEHLW�YLHOHU�0HQVFKHQ�NRQQWHQ�GLH�$XIJDEHQ�EHL�GHU�%HZlVVHUXQJ�GHU�)HOGHU�JHO|VW�ZHUGHQ��'DKHU�VFKORVVHQ�VLFK�GLH�0HQVFKHQ�]X�*HPHLQVFKDIWHQ�]XVDPPHQ��

(V�NDP�]X�HLQHU�7HLOXQJ�GHU�$XIJDEHQ��

x 'LH�Bauern�SIODQ]WHQ�XQG�HUQWHWHQ�x 'LH�Handwerker�VWHOOWHQ�*HUlWH�KHU��x 'LH�Händler�NDXIWHQ�XQG�YHUNDXIWHQ�:DUHQ��x 'LH�Baumeister�SODQWHQ�XQG�EDXWHQ�*HElXGH�XQG�%HZlVVHUXQJVDQODJHQ�

Page 9: )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh 9huehvvhuxqjhq 'lh ehghxwhqgvwh zdu glh (lqi kuxqj ghu 7|sihuvfkhleh 6lh huohlfkwhuwh glh +huvwhooxqj

3. Frühe Hochkulturen.

6WlGWH�ZHUGHQ�JHJU�QGHW

*UR�H�*HPHLQVFKDIWHQ���6WDDWHQ���ZXUGHQ�YRQ�HLQHP�.|QLJ�UHJLHUW��'LHVHU�ZDU�REHUVWHU�3ULHVWHU�XQG�EHVWLPPWH�DXFK�DOOH�QRWZHQGLJHQ�$XIJDEHQ�LP�6WDDW��6HLQH�%HIHKOH�ZXUGHQ�YRQ�%HDPWHQ�ZHLWHUJHOHLWHW��(V�JDE�KRKH�XQG�QLHGHUH�%HDPWH��GLHVHV�6\VWHP��$XIJDEHQ�DXI]XWHLOHQ�XQG�ZHLWHU]XJHEHQ��QHQQW�PDQ�VWDDWOLFKH�9HUZDOWXQJ��

(LQLJH�.|QLJH�OLH�HQ�VLFK�JUR�H�3DOlVWH�HUEDXHQ��'RUW�VLHGHOWHQ�VLFK�0HQVFKHQ�PLW�XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQ�%HUXIHQ�DQ�ZLH�]�%��%HDPWH��3ULHVWHU��6ROGDWHQ��+DQGZHUNHU�XQG�.DXIOHXWH��0LW�GHU�=HLW�HQWZLFNHOWHQ�VLFK�GLHVH�5HVLGHQ]HQ�]X�6WlGWHQ��'LH�:RKQKlXVHU�GHU�6WlGWH�ZDUHQ�]XPHLVW�DXV�JHEUDQQWHQ�RGHU�JHWURFNQHWHQ�/HKP]LHJHOQ�JHEDXW��'LH�:lQGH�GLHVHU�+lXVHU�ZDUHQ�PLW�/HKP�YHUSXW]W��

Page 10: )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh 9huehvvhuxqjhq 'lh ehghxwhqgvwh zdu glh (lqi kuxqj ghu 7|sihuvfkhleh 6lh huohlfkwhuwh glh +huvwhooxqj

3. Frühe Hochkulturen.

'HU�+DQGHO�

+DQGHO�EHGHXWHW�HLQHQ�7DXVFK�YRQ�:DUHQ��'LHVH�ZXUGHQ��EHU�ZHLWH�6WUHFNHQ�PLW�6FKLIIHQ�XQG�/DVWWLHUHQ��]�%��PLW�(VHOQ��.DPHOHQ��WUDQVSRUWLHUW��$XFK�OHUQWHQ�DXI�GLHVHQ�ZHLWHQ�5HLVHQ�GLH�0HQVFKHQ�YRQHLQDQGHU�XQG�NRQQWHQ�VR�LKU�:LVVHQ�DXVWDXVFKHQ��

Page 11: )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh 9huehvvhuxqjhq 'lh ehghxwhqgvwh zdu glh (lqi kuxqj ghu 7|sihuvfkhleh 6lh huohlfkwhuwh glh +huvwhooxqj

3. Frühe Hochkulturen.

'LH�6FKULIW�

2KQH�6FKULIW�LVW�HV�QLFKW�P|JOLFK��HLQ�5HLFK�]X�UHJLHUHQ�XQG�+DQGHO�]X�EHWUHLEHQ��

'LH�HUVWHQ�6FKUHLEHU�PXVVWHQ�GLH�(LQQDKPHQ�XQG�$XVJDEHQ�GHV�6WDDWHV�IHVWKDOWHQ��(EHQVR�ZXUGHQ�$XI]HLFKQXQJHQ��EHU�GLH�(UQWHHUWUlJH�JHI�KUW��'LHVH�%XFKKDOWXQJ�HUOHLFKWHUWH�GDV�(LQWUHLEHQ�GHU�6WHXHUQ�XQG�GLHQWH�GHU�.RQWUROOH��

+lQGOHU�KLHOWHQ�VFKULIWOLFK�IHVW��ZDV�VLH�JHNDXIW�XQG�YHUNDXIW�KDWWHQ��0LW�+LOIH�GLHVHU�$XI]HLFKQXQJHQ�NRQQWHQ�VLH�LKUH�7DXVFKJHVFKlIWH��EHUSU�IHQ�

$XFK�GLH�3ULHVWHU�HUOHUQWHQ�GLH�.XQVW�GHV�6FKUHLEHQV��XP�LKU�:LVVHQ�DQ�GLH�6|KQH�XQG�7|FKWHU�DXV�YRUQHKPHQ�)DPLOLHQ�ZHLWHU]XJHEHQ��

Page 12: )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh 9huehvvhuxqjhq 'lh ehghxwhqgvwh zdu glh (lqi kuxqj ghu 7|sihuvfkhleh 6lh huohlfkwhuwh glh +huvwhooxqj

3. Frühe Hochkulturen.

Mesopotamien - "das Land zwischen den Flüssen"

0HVRSRWDPLHQ�EHGHXWHW�DXI�*ULHFKLVFK��GDV�/DQG�]ZLVFKHQ�GHQ�)O�VVHQ���'DPLW�ZDU�GDV�*HELHW�]ZLVFKHQ�(XSKUDW�XQG�7LJULV�JHPHLQW��'LHVH�)O�VVH�GXUFKTXHUWHQ�]ZHL�EUHLWH�7lOHU�PLW�IUXFKWEDUHQ�/HKPE|GHQ��'LH�%DXHUQ�SIODQ]WHQ�GRUW�:HL]HQ�XQG�*HUVWH�DQ�XQG�]�FKWHWHQ�=LHJHQ�XQG�6FKDIH��

%DE\ORQ�ZDU�GLH�+DXSWVWDGW�YRQ�0HVRSRWDPLHQ��(V�UHJLHUWH�GHU�.|QLJ�Hammurabi��%DE\ORQ�ZDU�UHOLJL|VHV�XQG�NXOWXUHOOHV�=HQWUXP�GHV�6WDDWHV��

Page 13: )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh 9huehvvhuxqjhq 'lh ehghxwhqgvwh zdu glh (lqi kuxqj ghu 7|sihuvfkhleh 6lh huohlfkwhuwh glh +huvwhooxqj

3. Frühe Hochkulturen.

%DE\ORQ�ODJ�DP�(XSKUDW�XQG�ZDU�YRQ�JHZDOWLJHQ�0DXHUQ�XPJHEHQ��(LQHV�GHU�SUDFKWYROOVWHQ�6WDGWWRUH�ZDU�GDV�,VFKWDUWRU��GDV�PLW�����%LOGHUQ�YRQ�/|ZHQ��6WLHUHQ��'UDFKHQ�XQG�EODX�JODVLHUWHQ�=LHJHOQ�YHU]LHUW�ZDU��

Page 14: )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh 9huehvvhuxqjhq 'lh ehghxwhqgvwh zdu glh (lqi kuxqj ghu 7|sihuvfkhleh 6lh huohlfkwhuwh glh +huvwhooxqj

3. Frühe Hochkulturen.

,Q�GHU�0LWWH�GHU�6WDGW�HUKRE�VLFK�HLQ�EHU�KPWHU�7HPSHOWXUP��GHU����P�KRFK�ZDU�XQG�=LNNXUDW�JHQDQQW�ZXUGH��(EHQVR�JDE�HV�HLQHQ�SUDFKWYROOHQ�.|QLJVSDODVW�XQG�GLH�KlQJHQGHQ�*lUWHQ��GLH�LQ�GHU�$QWLNH�DOV�:HOWZXQGHU�JDOWHQ��

Page 15: )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh 9huehvvhuxqjhq 'lh ehghxwhqgvwh zdu glh (lqi kuxqj ghu 7|sihuvfkhleh 6lh huohlfkwhuwh glh +huvwhooxqj

3. Frühe Hochkulturen.

Hammurabis Gesetze

'LH�*HVHW]H�GLHVHV�.|QLJV�VLQG�DXIGHP�&RGH[�+DPPXUDEL��VLHKH�%LOG�HUKDOWHQ�JHEOLHEHQ��6LH�]lKOHQ�]X�GHQ�lOWHVWHQ�*HVHW]HVVDPPOXQJHQ�GHU�:HOW�

Gesetze aus dem Codex:x :HQQ�HLQ�%�UJHU�LQ�HLQ�+DXV�HLQEULFKW��VR�VROO�PDQ�YRU�MHQHU�(LQEUXFKVWHOOH�LKQ�W|WHQ�XQG�GRUWDXIKlQJHQ��

x :HQQ�HLQ�6RKQ�VHLQHQ�9DWHU�VFKOlJW�VR�VROO�PDQ�LKP�HLQH�+DQG�DEVFKQHLGHQ�

x :HQQ�HLQ�%�UJHU�HLQHP�LKP�HEHQE�UWLJHQ�%�UJHU�HLQHQ�=DKQ�DXVVFKOlJW��VROO�PDQ�LKP�HLQHQ�=DKQ�DXVVFKODJHQ�

(UNOlUH�GHQ�=ZHFN�YRQ�*HVHW]HQ��:HOFKH�GLHVHU�*HVHW]H�KlOWVW�GX�I�U�QLFKW�JXW"�:DUXP"�

Page 16: )U KH +RFKNXOWXUHQ · 2020. 11. 16. · 1hxhuxqjhq lp +dqgzhun ,p +dqgzhun jde hv ylhoh 9huehvvhuxqjhq 'lh ehghxwhqgvwh zdu glh (lqi kuxqj ghu 7|sihuvfkhleh 6lh huohlfkwhuwh glh +huvwhooxqj

3. Frühe Hochkulturen.

)U�KH�+RFKNXOWXUHQ�KDEHQ�IROJHQGHV�JHPHLQVDP�x 'LH�0HQVFKHQ�OHEHQ�LQ�HLQHP�6WDDW�PLW�EHGHXWHQGHQ�6WlGWHQ��

x 'HU�6WDDW�KDW�HLQHQ�+HUUVFKHU��x 'HU�6WDDW�LVW�RUJDQLVLHUW�GXUFK�%HDPWH��*UXQGODJH�GDI�U�VLQG�VFKULIWOLFK�IHVWJHKDOWHQH�5HJHOQ��